摘要
19世纪欧洲在对外扩张过程中建构起一套"文明"话语,将世界分为文明、半文明和野蛮三类地区,强调欧洲文明及白人的优越性,并以其"文明"标准来衡量非欧洲国家和地区,"文明"成为欧洲称霸世界的意识形态。19世纪下半叶,在中国与欧洲互动的过程中,一方面,西文civilization与中文"文明"在日本对译起来并传到中国,使原有中文"文明"一词具有了新义。另一方面,欧洲"文明"话语对晚清涉外官吏和知识分子发生作用,尤其是国际法对"文明"的要求和日本"文明开化"的示范,使他们对欧洲"文明"的内涵有了更感性的认知,从而接受并传播西义"文明"观念。
With Western European countries becoming supreme powers of the world in the nineteenth century,the European view of civilization as a world discourse became a standard against which to measure societies in the world,which divided the world into a tripartite of the civilized,the semi-civilized,and the barbarian societies.In this light,Europe was naturally on the top ladder of civilization and the white man commanding superiority over all other races.Thus the concept of civilization became a European ideology,and diffused to China under such circumstances.The word civilization was translated into Japanese as wenming and introduced into China in late Qing,and thus the original meaning of weniming was replaced by that of civilization in China,as a new concept in an old framework.Intellectuals and officials involved in foreign affairs of late Qing,seeking a reform to the Qing regime under the influence of the above standards of international law and having the Meiji Reform of Japan as an example,were active agents in introducing this new idea of civilization into China.
出处
《首都师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第6期16-25,共10页
Journal of Capital Normal University：Social Science Edition
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"世界历史进程中多元文明互动与共生研究"(项目批准号08JZD0037
合同号08JZDH037)的成果之一
关键词
欧洲
文明
中国
Europe
civilization
China
