摘要
以汉字字谜为材料,采用"原型学习-问题测试"范式,考察不同竞争水平(高、中、低竞争强度和无竞争)情境下诱发的情绪效价(积极、中性和消极)对顿悟中的原型启发的影响。结果发现:1)竞争水平对字谜问题解决中的原型启发有显著影响,低强度竞争水平最有利于靶字谜问题的解决,中等强度和高强度下效果次之,无竞争条件下效果最差;2)诱发情绪对靶字谜问题解决的原型启发也有显著影响,消极情绪和中性情绪下比积极情绪下靶字谜的正确率更高;3)有无竞争与情绪效价之间的交互作用显著,体现了竞争和情绪这两种动力相关因素在原型启发中的动力作用不是独立的。
The cognitive mechanism of insight remains largely unknown and there are different theories to explain it. On the basis of previous studies and views, Zhang Qinglin proposed that the heuristic theory of prototypal matters in insight problem solving, which can be regarded as creative problem solving under experimental conditions. In addition, many previous relevant studies had revealed inconsistent results of the impact of competition and emotion on creative thinking. Based on the ＂prototype elicitation＂ theory, the present study was designed to explore the dynamic effects of competition and emotion on the mechanism of insight problem solving by using traditional Chinese logogriphs. This study adopted a four-stage experimental paradigm. First, we created different competitive levels of experimental situation; second, the participants were asked to learn the prototypal logogriph; third, participants＇ emotion of different valences were induced; and fourth, participants were required to complete the target logogriph test. In the experiment, the 4（high, medium, low competitive level vs. without competition） x3 （positive, neutral vs. negative emotion） experimental designs were adopted. The materials used in the present study were seventy emotional images taken from Chinese Affective Picture System （CAPS） and seventy pairs of medium-difficulty Chinese logogriphs. The results showed that： 1） the prototype elicitation effect of successful logogriph problem solving was effected significantly by the competitive levels （F （3,64）=16. 921, p〈0. 001）. Specifically, low intensity competitive level was most favorable to the prototype elicitation, moderate and high intensity was next, and under the condition of no competition was the worst. 2） the prototype elicitation effect of successful logogriph problem solving was also effected significantly by the induced emotions （F （2,65）=14. 118, p〈0. 001） . Specifically, negative and neutral emotion inspired better prototype elicitation effect
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第1期1-13,共13页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
西南大学国家重点学科"基础心理学"项目(西国重NSKD08002)
国家自然科学基金项目(30800293
31170983)资助
关键词
顿悟
原型启发
汉语字谜
情绪
竞争强度
insight
prototype elicitation
logogriph of Chinese characters
emotion
competitive intensity
