摘要
本文从宇宙的起源出发、用核化学的观点分析了太阳上发生的核反应 ,进而讨论了不同质量区内化学元素的形成过程。中等质量的核素成因有三 :核反应、核衰变和核裂变。对放射性核素的研究表明 :宇宙中存在的放射性核素起源于星子的内核。地核的组成是“粒子溶液” ,它是处在超高温度和压力环境中、无个性基本粒子密集体。现有的年龄测定方法 ,大多数都是以放射性衰变规律为基础、用两个特定时间所存在的原子数目来计算年龄 ,因此 ,要求选用作为时计的核素具有足够长的寿命 ,同时还要有明确的起始时刻和原子的数目。
The origin of the elements has been discussed with nuclear reaction in the solar system. The elements created from several nuclear procedures according to different mass of the nuclei. For the light nuclei, fusion nuclear reactions are major nuclear procedure in the sun, such as helium created by hydrogen burning. For those nuclei that have middle mass, there are two ways to be created, one is neutron radiation capture plus beta decay including fast and slow processes, the other is fission by the heavier nuclei. It is very interesting that the radioactive nuclei with long life are found in the events of explosion of supernova. The author suggests that there is a matter in the core of protostars, which has high-density at super high pressures and temperatures and is composed of the basic particles with non-characteristic as an equal state, named as “particle solution”. Because this matter contains various particles, it could play a role of solvent or solute and has a variable form in the center of the star. It is easy to create nucleus immediately when the environment changes. As pressure decreases, the volume will expand, the solution will relax, the particle or a group particles will leave from the solution, then super heavy nuclei will be formed. This process is producing in the surface of the Earth′s core; parts of the heavy nuclei will diffuse to the mantle and then to the Earth′s crust. Therefore, the radioactive elements on the Earth should come from two ways: One is from the interstellar matter such as galaxy, stars etc.; the other is from the Earth′s core.\;At present, the methods of dating are based on the principle of the radioactive decay. It is a nice clock in the nature. There are many conditions in dating technique.The correct result comes from your sample and technique that satisfy all conditions of the selected dating technique. For example, the Earth′s age was determined by means of uranium-lead method. It is very clear that the following conditions must be satisfied:(1) all of the u
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第1期30-40,共11页
Quaternary Sciences
