摘要
近几十年来,中国小汽车逐渐发展成为一种非常重要的交通方式,所带来的环境污染也逐渐成为一个不容忽视的问题。过去有关中国小汽车与其他交通方式(如摩托车、公交车)之间的环境污染以及每公里排放率、每乘客公里排放率和使用寿命期内总排放量的综合比较比较少见。本文介绍了它们对环境造成的污染和每公里排放率,同时比较了每乘客公里排放率和使用寿命期内的总排放量。小汽车的排放物主要来自于废气中的CO、CO2、NOx、HC、PM以及其他排放物(如SO2、Pb),其中污染最严重的是二次污染物光化学烟雾。小汽车使用寿命期内的总排放量比公交车低很多,CO2、NOx的总排放量远高于摩托车,其他排放物的总排放量则大致相当;小汽车的每公里排放率介于公交车和摩托车之间;每乘客公里排放率比公交车要高,CO2和NOx的每乘客公里排放率比摩托车高。
In the past decades, cars have become a significant transportation mode in China. The subsequent environmental pollution has become an increasingly serious problem. Little research has been done to comprehensively compare the environmental pollution, emission rates per kilometer, emission rates per passenger-km and total emissions during lifespan between cars and other modes of transportation （including cars, motorcycles and buses） in China. This paper describes their environmental pollution and the emission rates per kilometer, and compares the emission rates per passenger-kin and total emissions during lifespan. The results show that emissions of cars mainly include CO, CO2 , NOx, HC, PM and other emissions （such as SO2, Pb）, and the most serious secondary pollution is the photochemical smog. The total emissions of cars during lifespan are much lower than those of buses. CO2 and NOx emissions of cars are much higher than mo- torcycles, and other emissions are probably fairly, the emission rates per kilometer of cars lie between buses and motorcycles, and the emission rates per passenger-km are higher than buses, and that of CO2 and NO~ are higher than motorcycles.
出处
《土木工程与管理学报》
2011年第4期82-85,共4页
Journal of Civil Engineering and Management
