摘要
畜禽养殖业迅速发展,造成环境污染问题日益突出。随着居民收入和城市人口的扩张,养殖业有进一步向东部经济发达地区和人口密集区域集中的趋势,加剧了畜禽污染所带来的危害。该文建立了两个企业的两阶段动态博弈模型,分析环境污染税费征收对畜禽养殖业空间布局的影响。运用反向回溯法,得到模型的均衡解。分析结果表明,如果固定成本较低,发达地区的畜禽企业会在不发达地区设立分厂,以获得当地的产品销售市场,畜禽养殖业会根据环境污染税费引致的成本重新布局生产。因此,国家可以有效利用环境污染税费调节畜禽养殖业布局。最优环境污染税费与畜牧产品需求、畜牧产品变动成本和排污量高度相关,政府部门可以根据规划目标在不同区域设定不同的环境污染税率;国家还可以对较大规模畜牧业生产企业提供适当补贴,降低企业的迁移成本,以有效避免畜禽养殖企业向经济发达地区和人口密集区域集中,优化畜禽养殖业的空间布局。
The rapid expansion of China＇s livestock sector caused severe damage on environment.With the development of consumers＇ income and their rising demand on livestock products,there is a trend that the livestock sector are concentrating on eastern coastal zones and areas with dense population,which also aggravates the adverse impact of livestock pollution.This paper constructs a two-agent two-stage dynamic game model to analyze impact of environmental tax on layout of livestock industry.Using backward induction method,we find the equilibrium solutions to the model.The result indicates that,if bearing low fixed cost of relocation,livestock companies tend to establish divisions in underdeveloped areas to divert parts of production ability and to compete new market in those areas.If the cost induced by environmental tax is high,livestock companies would like to transfer to the under-developed area.Hence,environmental tax is an effective measure for authorities to regulate livestock sector.The optimal environmental tax rate is highly correlated with demand for livestock product,the variable cost of livestock production,and emission levels.To fulfill government＇s plan target,different areas can set up different environmental tax rates.In addition,to facilitate the transfer of livestock production from costal areas to inland areas,the government can also provide a lump-sum subsidy for relocation,which lowers fixed cost and encourage livestock companies to take actions.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第12期65-69,共5页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40921140410
71073154)
亚洲开发银行技术援助项目(编号:TA-7306(PRC))
2010年度农业部规划设计研究院自选科研课题
关键词
畜禽养殖业
环境污染
动态博弈
空间布局
livestock sector
environmental pollution
dynamic game
spatial layout
