摘要
1987年以来我国性传播疾病发病数持续增长,九十年代以来发病率曲线明显呈上升趋势,到1996年全国累计发病报告人数达二百余万人,1996年STD发病率为34.60/105,比1987年增长了七倍。截至1996年10月全国累计报告HIV感染者5,157人,艾滋病病人133人,估计实际感染人数在10万人左右。淋病、梅毒、尖锐湿疣和非淋菌性尿道炎一直是我国STD的优势流行病种。各种STD发病率与年俱增,增幅最大的是非淋菌性尿道炎(12倍)、梅毒(10倍)、尖锐湿疣(4倍),女性病人增长明显大于男性,使男女性别比的差距逐年缩小(1987年2.4:1,1996年1.3:1),80%的病人是20-39岁年龄组。STD流行的危险因素是经济快速增长、流动人口、国际旅行、卖淫与吸毒和性病医疗市场混乱等;血液被感染以及不安全性注射为主的侵入性操作等医源性感染增加了艾滋病传播蔓延的危险性,控制性传播疾病流行的原则是切断STD的多种传播途径,具体控制措施是做好健康教育和加强STD的监测工作。
The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) has increased obviously since 1987 in China and the diagram of incidence rate turned stable in 1990-1996. In 1996, the incidence of STD increased by 7 times compared with 1987. Female had a higher growth rate than male. Sex ratio(male/female) for the number of STD was 2.4:1 in 1987 and 1.3:1 in 1996. Up to 80% of STD patients were at the age of 20-39. The majority was the group of the young workers and the unemployer youth. The main kinds of epidemic STD were gonorrhea, syphilis, condyloma acuminatum (warts) and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). The incidence of NGU, gonorrhea and warts had grown by 12 times, 10 times and 4 times respectively in the past 10 years. Up to 1996, 5157 cases were found HIV (+) and 133 cases developed the symptoms of AIDS. The risk factors of STD are as follows: The rapid economy growing, floating population, international travel, the change of people's concept of sexual behavior, and STD failure to be diagnosed and reported. The risk population such prostitutes, whoremongers, durg addicts have had high infection rate of STD and lain in all social corners; Multi-route transmission and ineffective vaccines of STD had given rise special difficulty in prevention. The most effective means of preventing and controlling STD exist in health education and surveillance.
关键词
性传播疾病
流行特征
控制对策
STDs epidemic characteristic countermeasure of control
