6Howard S. Barrows. How To Design A Problem-Based Curriculum For The Preclinical Years [ M ]. New York: Springer Publishing Company,1985: 53 - 86. 被引量：1
7Hmelo, C. E., & Ferrari. M. The Problem-base learning tutorlal: Cuhivation higher Order thinking skills [J]. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 1997,20 (4) :401 - 422. 被引量：1
8Hmelo,C. E. ,& Ferrari,M. (1997). The Problem-base leaning tutorial: Cultivation higher order thinking skills [J].Journal for the Education of the Gifted. Vol. 20(4) ,pp401-422. 被引量：1
9Barrows,H. S. ,& Kelson,A, C. (1995). Problem-based learning in secondary education and the Problem-Based Lerning Institute (Monograph 1 ) [J]. Springfield IL : Problem - Based Learning Institute. 被引量：1
10Savery,J. R. ,& Duffy,T. M. (1993), Problem-based learning :An Instructional model and its constructivist framework.In T. M. Duff v, J. Lowyek, D. H. Jonassen,&- T. M. Welsh.(Eds.) Designing Environments for Constructive Learning.Springer-Verlag Berlin Herdelberg. 被引量：1
