摘要
兴凯湖与小兴凯湖地处我国东北边陲,仅一岗之隔,但二者的生态环境差别很大,在小兴凯湖移植大银鱼Protosalanx hyalocraniu进行人工增殖没有取得很好效果的情况下,随泄洪水流入到兴凯湖中的大银鱼则很好地发展了自己的种群。为探讨兴凯湖与小兴凯湖鱼类组成的差异及其与大银鱼种群发展的关系,于2010年1月-12月对兴凯湖和小兴凯湖鱼类组成进行了调查。调查结果表明二者在鱼类种类组成上相似性仍较高,但在鱼类生物量组成上有明显差别。本次调查兴凯湖有鱼类56种,与历史数据比较基本没有减少,但新纪录3种:大麻哈鱼Oncorhynchus keta、梭鲈Lucioperca lucioperca和黑龙江泥鳅Misgurnus moloity(Dybowski)。小兴凯湖现有鱼类33种,比历史记载减少10种,东北Sarcocheilichthys lacustris、怀头鲶Silurus soldatovi和大银鱼为3个新纪录种;两湖的Sorenson指数为0.72。作为亚寒带的大型湖泊兴凯湖有着独特的水文和生态特点,大多数喜草生境种类在兴凯湖中的生物量都很低。本文探讨了兴凯湖与小兴凯湖鱼类组成差异与大银鱼种群发展的关系。
Lake Xingkai（Khanka） and lake Mini-xingkai locate in the northeast boundary of China,are just separated by a natural mound.Large ice fish（Protosalanx hyalocraniu） was introduced into lake Mini-xingkai to increase the fish yield unsuccessfully,however,it developed its population very well after getting into Lake Xiangkai with the flood from lake Mini-xingkai.Fish composition of Lake xingkai and lake Mini-xingkai was investigated from January through December in 2010 to find out the relationship between Large ice fish population development and the differences of fish community.The investigation results in 56 species of fish including 3 new record（i.e.chum salmon Oncorhynchus ketaPike,perch Lucioperca lucioperca and Misgurnus moloity（Dybowski）,Misgurnus moloity（Dybowski））in lake Xingkai,and 33 species of fish including 3 new records（i.e.fat minnow Sarcocheilichthys lacustris,northern sheatfish Silurus soldatovi and Large ice fish）,meaning sharp reduce of 10 species in the past 15 years in lake Mini-xingkai.There is still relatively high similarity in species composition between the two lakes with Sorenson index of 0.72 while the biomass composition was significantly different resulted from the different environmental characteristics.As a large lake located in subfrigid zone,Lake xingkai has its own special hydrological and ecological characteristics,indicated in less biomass of fish that prefer living in macrophyte lakes.The contribution of fish community differences of lake Xingkai from lake Mini-xingkai to Large ice fish population growth was discussed in this paper.
出处
《水产学杂志》
CAS
2011年第3期40-47,共8页
Chinese Journal of Fisheries
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(201014)
农业部财政专项物种资源保护项目(2010-2011)联合资助
关键词
兴凯湖
小兴凯湖
鱼类组成
外来鱼类
Lake Xingkai（Khanka）
lake Mini-xingkai
fish composition
exotic fish
