摘要
【目的】探讨不同品种小豆地上部各器官的干物质积累、分配与转运规律。【方法】2008-2009年,以高产小豆品种(系)"2000-75"、"冀红9218"和低产小豆品种(系)"红宝1号"、"湾选1号"为材料,研究小豆开花至成熟期植株茎秆、叶片、幼壳、籽粒等的干物质积累特性。【结果】小豆开花后,植株地上部干物质和籽粒干物质积累均呈近"S"型变化趋势,花后7～14d是生物产量和籽粒产量形成的关键时期,高产品种"2000-75"和"冀红9218"地上部干物质和籽粒干物质积累速率明显较低产品种"湾选1号"和"红宝1号"快;主茎上部开花节位叶片是籽粒充实的主要源器官,其转运率高达17.23%～22.31%,对籽粒产量的贡献率最大。不同品种小豆间干物质积累和转运能力差异显著,高产品种"2000-75"和"冀红9218"各器官干物质积累和转运能力强,尤其是主茎上部开花节位叶片干物质积累较多,为后期产量形成奠定了基础。【结论】在小豆生产实践中,提高籽粒产量的关键是选用库容大的多荚、大粒型品种;加强花后田间管理,以延缓主茎开花节位叶片衰老;采用去除无效分枝等措施,增强源库间的物质运输与分配。
【Objective】 The study was intended to investigate the accumulation,distribution and transportation characteristics of dry matter in the above-ground organs of different adzuki bean cultivars.【Method】 In 2008-2009,during flowering to maturing,high-yielding cultivars ＂2000-75＂ and ＂Jihong 9218＂ and low-yielding cultivars ＂Hongbao 1＂ and ＂Wanxuan 1＂ were adopted to determine the dry matter accumulation characteristics of the above-ground organs consisting of stalks,leaves,pod shells and seeds.【Result】 After anthesis,the change in dry matter accumulation of both plant and seeds was presented as the ＂S＂ curves.The key stage for yield formation of plant biomass and seeds was at 7-14 days after anthesis,and the accumulation rate of both plant and seeds of ＂2000-75＂ and ＂Jihong 9218＂（high-yield） was faster than ＂Hongbao 1＂ and ＂Wanxuan 1＂（low yield）;the main source organ of grain-filling was the leaves at flowering nodes on the main stem with the biggest contribution to grain yield,with a transportation rate as high as 17.23%-22.31%.Significant differences were observed between different cultivars,and the accumulation and transportation capacities of the high-yielding cultivars（＂2000-75＂ and ＂Jihong 9218＂） were greater than those of the low-yielding cultivars,especially for the accumulation of dry matter in the leaves at the flowering node on the main stems,which was the basis of the formation of grain yield.【Conclusion】 The major practice to achieve higher yield in the adzuki bean production should select the cultivars with multi-pods and bigger grain,to enhance the field management after anthesis to maintain longer function duration of leaves at flowering nodes on the main stem,and to remove the invalid branches to improve the transportation and distribution of dry matter.
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期94-100,共7页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903007)
陕西省攻关项目(2009K03-03)
西北农林科技大学唐仲英育种专项
关键词
小豆
干物质积累
干物质转运
adzuki bean
accumulation of dry matter
transportation of dry matter
