摘要
目的评价某生活垃圾焚烧热电联产工程项目职业病危害控制效果。方法采用现场职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测进行定性、定量分析与评价。结果该建设项目存在的职业病危害因素中,锅炉巡检岗位工人矽尘(总尘)暴露的时间加权平均浓度为10.6 mg/m3,超限倍数达到了35.7,超过了职业接触限值的要求;氯乙烯、CO、CO2、NO2、NO、SO2、NH3、NaOH、H2S、PH3,噪声、工频电场和高温均符合接触限值;在锅炉炉前给料和走廊检测到了HCN,其最高浓度达到了2.4 mg/m3,超过了接触限值;PH3的暴露虽然合乎接触限值要求,但是在炉前垃圾给料处的最高浓度达到0.3 mg/m3,与接触限值相等;照度有68%的检测点符合照明的相关标准要求。结论该项目在设计、施工及运行过程中遵循了国家相关法律法规,做到了"三同时"原则,基本具备了职业卫生方面的竣工验收条件。但生活垃圾成分的复杂性导致了其职业性有害因素的多样性,除了重视常见的矽尘暴露外,应加强日常的职业卫生管理,指导职工正确佩戴个体防护用品,防范HCN和PH3等有害气体的偶发。
Objective To assess the control effect of occupational hazards in a newly-built household waste incineration heat and power co-production plant.Methods Field investigation and occupational hazard monitoring were carried out,qualitative and quantitative evaluation was applied.Results Of the hazards measured,time weighted average concentrations of silicious dust during boiler inspection were 10.6 mg/m3,and excursion limits were up to 35.7,all exceeded the permitted concentrations;HCN was detected in loading before boiler and corridor,and the highest concentration was 2.4 mg/m3,exceeding the maximum acceptable concentration（MAC）;maximum PH3 concentration in loading before boiler was 0.3 mg/m3,which equaled to its MAC.68% illuminance values were below the allowable limits;other hazards like chloroethylene,CO,CO2,NO2,NO,SO2,NH3,NaOH,H2S,noise,power frequency electric field,and heat stress were all below the allowable limits.Conclusion This project has adhered to the related national laws and rules during the designing,constructing and producing.Although this project has fitted the final acceptance of construction,routine occupational health management,personal protection equipments and some hazards like silicious dust and HCN gases should be paid full attention and the administration should be strengthened.
出处
《中国卫生工程学》
CAS
2011年第5期375-377,380,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering
关键词
生活垃圾焚烧发电
职业病危害
控制效果评价
卫生工程
Waste incineration
Occupational hazards
Control effect assessment
Health engineering
