摘要
目的通过对生产性噪声职业暴露进行定量风险评估,探讨其在职业病危害评价工作中的主要内容和步骤,从而提高职业病危害评价水平。方法以某石油化工聚酯装置的短丝及聚酯生产车间为对象,通过对其生产工艺过程噪声职业暴露调查,分析劳动者职业暴露的特点、检测工作环境的噪声强度并对频谱特性进行分析,对个人使用的防噪耳塞防护效果进行分析,通过装置的噪声检测结果与国际标准化组织1971年发布的0~45 a间连续性噪声A声级与听力损害的危险率的关系表相结合,对聚酯装置噪声所致听力损害进行风险评价。结果牵伸工、卷绕工和切粒岗存在噪声暴露时间长、暴露强度高的特点;聚酯装置主要岗位噪声暴露强度为85.5~99.7 dB（A）;卷绕机频谱带较窄;切粒工及卷绕工护耳器保护不足;卷绕工发生听力损害的危险率最高。结论对高噪声作业进行职业暴露评估是研究劳动者听力保护管理的重要方法,其中关键的步骤就是要进行定量风险评估。通过开展生产性噪声职业暴露的调查与风险评估,可进一步探讨噪声危害的客观规律,从风险管理的角度提出切实可行的噪声危害控制措施,保护劳动者的健康。说明噪声的职业暴露及风险评估在今后的建设项目职业病危害评价工作中有一定的实际意义。
Objective Through quantitative risk assessment of the occupational noise exposure,to discuss the main contents and steps in occupational hazards assessment and to improve the assessment level.Methods The short filament and polyester production workshop of a polyester installation in a petrochemical plant was taken as the study subject.Occupational noise exposure in technological process was investigated.Characteristics of workers＇ occupational noise exposure were analyzed.The noise intensity in the work environment was detected and its frequency spectrum was analyzed.The efficacy of ear plugs used was analyzed.By combining the test results with the relationship chart of the 0 to 45 years continuous A sound level and the risk rate of hearing loss issued by International Standard Organization in 1971,the risk of hearing loss caused by polyester installation was assessed.Results The results showed that long and intensive noise exposure was suffered by workers working on the stretching,winding and cutting posts.The noise intensity of the main posts of polyester installation was 85.5~99.7 dB（A）.The frequency spectrum of winding machine was rather narrow.The efficacy of ear plugs used by winding and cutting workers was inadequate.The winding workers showed the highest risk of hearing loss.Conclusions The occupational noise exposure assessment is an important method in hearing conservation management.The key point is to conduct the quantitative risk assessment.Through the risk assessment and investigation of the occupational noise exposure,the objective rules of noise hazard could further be explored so as to propose practical control measures for protecting workers＇ health.It demonstrates that risk assessment for occupational noise exposure is significant in the occupational hazards assessment of construction project in the future.
出处
《工业卫生与职业病》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期257-260,共4页
Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases
基金
天津自然科学基金资助项目(10JCBYJC13400)
关键词
生产性噪声
听力损伤
风险评估
职业暴露
Occupational noise
Hearing loss
Risk assessment
Occupational exposure.
