摘要
城市生活垃圾收费是筹集垃圾处理费的重要途径,也是生活垃圾减量化的重要手段。本文基于中国典型城市垃圾收费的实践,从理论充分性、政策效率、政策效果、政策方式选择等角度,对定额收费、按水量收费、计量收费三种收费方式进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)定额收费民众负担率较低,由公用事业部门(如供水部门)代征能够明显提高征收率,是现阶段大多数城市的最佳选择;(2)按水量收费民众负担率和征收率较高,但理论依据不充分且无持续减量化效果,不能作为向计量收费的过渡,不应提倡;(3)计量收费民众负担率较高,垃圾减量化效果显著,可在减量化压力大、垃圾收费经验较丰富、新建垃圾处理设施社会成本高的城市率先推行。
Charging municipal solid waste is an important approach to raising money for solid waste disposal, and also a main way to reduce solid waste amount. Based on the practice of charging municipal solid waste in typical cities, this paper studies the contrast of three methods （general fee of waste, fee by each unit of water, fee by each unit of waste） of charging municipal solid waste from the aspects of theoretical sufficiency, policy efficiency, policy effect and policy options. The results indicate that： 1） residents have a lower cost by way of charging general fee of waste, and charging fees by civil service （such as water ad- ministration department） can significantly improve the collection rate, which is the best choice at present in most cities; 2） charging by each unit of water has a higher resident cost and collection rate, but its theo- retical basis is inadequate and it does not have a continuous reduction effect, so it cannot be considered as the transition from charging by each unit of water to charging by each unit of waste; and 3） charging by each unit of waste has a higher resident cost and a remarkable reduction effect, so this method could be adopted firstly in cities where there is large amount of waste, rich charging experience and high social cost of building new waste treatment facilities.
出处
《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第5期7-14,共8页
Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
生活垃圾
收费方式
定额收费
按水量收费
比较研究
municipal solid waste
charging method
general fee of waste
fee by each unit of water
comparative study
