摘要
联合国教科文组织成员国2001年制定的《世界文化多样性宣言》在文化多样性与人权之间建立了清晰的联系。《宣言》指出:"保护文化多样性……与尊重人的尊严不可分割",这"意味着对人权和基本自由的某种承诺"。联合国教科文组织2005年通过的《保护和促进文化表达多样性公约》指出:"只有人权和基本自由……得到保障,才能保护和促进文化多样性"[第2(1)条]。然而,文化多样性与人权的确切关系并没有得到澄清,仍有进一步探索的空间。本文分析了围绕文化多样性与人权,特别是文化权利之间关系提出的问题。文章首先探讨了普适性和文化相对论等普遍人权问题,以及平等和非歧视的原则,接下来探讨了文化权利的范围,以及人权的文化维度,继而讨论了有关人权被援引来保护文化权益的几个案例,并对文化多样性的价值进行确认,最后就说明为了进一步改进与文化多样性相关的人权保护和促进工作,人们需要关注哪些领域作了一些总结。
The link between cultural diversity and human rights was clearly established by the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity,adopted by the member states of UNESCO in 2001,which holds that'the defence of cultural diversity is … inseparable from respect for human dignity'and that it' implies a commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms'.The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions,adopted in 2005,states that'cultural diversity can be protected and promoted only if human rights and fundamental freedoms … are guaranteed'(Article 2 [1]).The precise relationship between cultural diversity and human rights,however,is not clarified and thus leaves room for further exploration.This contribution analyses the issues surrounding the relationship between cultural diversity and human rights,in particular cultural rights.Firstly,it addresses general human rights issues such as universality and cultural relativism and the principles of equality and non-discrimination.Secondly,it explores the scope of cultural rights,as well as the cultural dimension of human rights.Thirdly,several cases are discussed in which human rights were invoked to protect cultural interests,confirming the value of cultural diversity.Finally,some concluding remarks are presented,indicating which areas require attention in order to further improve the promotion and protection of human rights in relation to cultural diversity.
出处
《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》
2011年第1期20-40,3,共22页
International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）
