摘要
目的:探讨健康教育联合糖尿病足危险因素筛查对糖尿病足预防的影响。方法:将160例糖尿病患者随机分为观察组和对照组各80例。对照组患者在住院期间接受糖尿病常规知识教育。观察组在此基础上进行糖尿病足部危险因素筛查,根据筛查结果有针对性地对患者进行足部指导护理。在两组患者接受健康教育24个月后,采用自制问卷对患者的糖尿病足护理知识掌握情况进行调查,内容包括正确修剪指甲、赤脚习惯、鞋袜合适、每日检查足部、合适水温泡脚、自行处理伤口、生活方式(吸烟、饮酒)6个方面。同时评估两组患者的下肢、足部状况。结果:两组患者接受健康教育24个月后对糖尿病足护理知识掌握情况比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);在下肢、足部状况方面,除胼胝/水泡一项两组比较差异无统计学意义,其他项目两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:通过进行健康教育,并开展糖尿病足危险因素筛查,提高了糖尿病患者的对足部的自我管理能力,养成良好的生活习惯,提高了遵医行为,对糖尿病足的发生起到了预防作用。
Objective： To explore the impact of the screening of the risk factors of diabetic foot on the prevention of diabetic foot. Methods： 160 diabetic patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group （80 cases for each group）. The patients in the control group received conventional health education on diabetes -related knowledge. Based on the health education, the screening of the risk factors of diabetic foot was carried out in the observation group so as to give the pa- tients targeted guidance on foot care according to the results of screening. The self- made questionnaire was used to make an in- vestigation on the grasp of knowledge of diabetic foot care in the two groups after the patients received health education for 24 months, including the right trim of nails, barefooted habits, proper footgear, daily foot check, foot bath with the right water tem- perature, treatment of wound and lifestyle （ smoking, drinking）. The lower extremity and foot conditions of the patients in both groups were assessed. Results ： The difference in the comparison of the grasp of the knowledge of diabetic foot care were statisti- cally significant between the two groups after the patients received health education for 24 months （ P 〈 0.01 ） ; the comparison of all the items of the lower extremity and foot conditions was significantly different except calluses / blisters between the two groups （ P 〈 O. 01 ）. Conclusion ： Health education combined with the screening of the risk factors of diabetic foot can improve the pa- tient~ self- management ability of the foot care and help them develop good habits and enhance the compliance behavior, which is effective in the prevention of diabetic foot.
基金
佛山市医学类科技攻关项目(200908044)
关键词
糖尿病足
健康教育
危险因素
筛查
足部护理
Diabetic foot
Health education
Risk factors
Screening
Foot care
