摘要
应用种群管理软件SPARKS 1.5及PM 2000 v1.214对东方白鹳的国内圈养种群进行统计分析。在有记录的36 a人工圈养的历史中,野外捕获个体在1975～1999年间是构成圈养种群的主要部分,自1984年首个圈养个体出生后,圈养出生个体数量以年平均增长率15.10%速度增长,至2000年取代野外捕获个体数量,成为目前种群发展的主要力量。截至2009年12月31日,我国共有61家动物园或机构圈养了375只东方白鹳个体。种群周期增长率λ=1.0311,性别比例为雄性:雌性=0.927 8,现有种群中能够繁殖的个体共25只(雄性13只,雌性12只);种群遗传多样性指标GD=95.44%,平均近亲系数F=0.031 6。为了保证东方白鹳国内圈养种群的自我维持,促进种群的健康发展,建议开展未知性别个体的性别鉴定工作、建立种群发展规划并进行合理的宏观调控。
I used population management software SPARKS 1.5 and PM 2000 v1.214 to analyze the captive population of Oriental White Stork at Shanghai Zoological Park,Shanghai.Oriental White Stork has reproduced at Shanghai Zoological Park for 36 years.Storks captured in the wild formed the main part of the captive population in 1975 - 1999.Since the first stork hatched in captivity in 1984,the captive - born population increased at an annual growth rate of 15%,and in 2000,the number of captive - born storks exceeded the number captured from the wild.Through December 21st 2009,a total of 375 Oriental White Storks were maintained in 61 institutes or zoos in China.The instantaneous population growth rate（λ） was 1.031 1,and sex ratio of male to female was 0.927 8.Genetic diversity was 95.44%and the inbreeding index F was 0.031 6.To protect the high genetic diversity of the captive population of Oriental White Stork and promote its increase,all storks should be classified by gender and a population development plan should be drafted and implemented.
关键词
东方白鹳
圈养种群
基因多样性
统计分析
Oriental White Stork
Captive population
Genetic diversity
Statistical analysis
