摘要
为了提高岩巷掘进速度,克服直眼掏槽和斜眼掏槽的不足,根据岩石爆破理论,提出一种新的掏槽方法——准直眼掏槽方式。该掏槽方式突破传统掏槽设计,主掏槽眼稍微倾斜(准直眼),槽底炮孔间距较大,次掏槽眼垂直于自由面。与现有掏槽方式相比,该掏槽方式具有以下特点:准直眼孔底间距大,可杜绝穿孔现象;采用合理间隔时间进行分层分次爆破;中心辅助直眼与两侧对称的准直眼互相配合,结合直眼掏槽和斜眼掏槽各自的优点;形式简单,易操作;槽腔大,效率高,成本低。基于爆生气体的准静态理论和岩石力学的极限平衡理论,分析准直眼掏槽槽腔形成过程。为了优化准直眼掏槽参数,进行大量的现场掏槽试验,从而确定不同爆破条件下的准直眼掏槽炮孔的布置方式、深度、倾斜角度、间距、装药量和微差起爆间隔时间等技术参数。施工中采取以长度定角度的方法可满足该掏槽方式对准直眼角度的严格要求。实践表明,在煤矿岩巷掘进中使用准直眼掏槽方式,能够取得良好的爆破效果和显著的技术经济效益。
A new cutting method named quasi-parallel cutting method is proposed according to the rock blasting theory;and it helps to achieve the goal of rapid drivage for rock roadway by drilling and blasting and to overcome the deficiencies in parallel cutting and inclined-hole cutting. Quasi-parallel cutting method is a break through to the traditional cut blasting design. Main cutting holes（quasi-parallel holes） are slightly inclined;their distances at the bottom are long;and sub-cutting holes are perpendicular to the free face. Compared with current cutting methods,it has the following advantages：（1） It avoids the phenomenon of drilling holes crossing each other because of long distance at the bottom of quasi-parallel holes. （2） Slicing and stage blasting method is used at a reasonable interval time. （3） Straight sub-holes in the center and the symmetrical quasi-parallel holes cooperate with each other;it is a successful combination of parallel cutting method and inclined-hole cutting method. （4） The cutting form is very simple and easy to operate. （5） It can get large cavity with high efficiency and low-cost. Based on the quasi-static theory of blasting gas and the limit equilibrium theory of rock mechanics,the generation process of cavity has been analyzed. For the purpose of optimizing the quasi-parallel cutting parameters,a series of field tests are carried out;technical parameters of cutting holes including layout,depth,angle of inclination,spacing,charge and the interval time of short-delay blasting are obtained under different blasting conditions. Angle of quasi-parallel hole is determined by measuring length during construction,which can meet its accurate requirements. The test results show that the better blasting effect and obvious technical and economic benefits in coal rock drivage can be acquired by means of the quasi-parallel cutting method.
出处
《岩石力学与工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期224-232,共9页
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering
关键词
采矿工程
岩巷掘进
准直眼掏槽
爆破工程
实例分析
mining engineering
rock roadway drivage
quasi-parallel cutting
blasting engineering
case studies
