摘要
城市避难场所是在灾后恢复阶段为居民提供安全避难和基本生活保障的特殊场所,目前对于避难场所资源分配方案多停留在定性规划阶段,缺少科学准确的定量方法。首先从避难场所应急资源配置涉及的主要内容人手,提出了建立应急资源定量分配优化的思路;其次,对分配过程中涉及的可用资源和时间因素进行详细描述,并将各类资源依据其执行的工作进行分类,计算所有原因造成的死亡人数之和,即为模型的目标函数;最后,以最低人员伤亡作为优化目标,建立应急资源动态优化模型,分析计算最优的资源分配方案。
The present paper is aiming at introducing an optimized allocation model for emergency resource based on the minimal casualties in case of incidence of an unexpected disaster involving the entire city sphere. In order to optimize the emergency resource allocation based on the existing available emergency resources to be allocated, first of all, we have made careful consideration of the means for such kind of allocation. The socalled emergency resources can be divided into human resources, material resources and message resources according to their ability to perform their own respective functions. The urban emergency-available shelter, for instance, is a special temporary place that can provide secure refuge and basic facilities for people to shelter themselves in during the recovery period after a natural disaster. Also, it is an important means for the international society to deal with the emergent events and victims for mutual benefits. In order to minimize the total economic loss and minimize the number of casualty, it is desirable to allocate the available resources in an optimized manner. However, the traditional or habitual manner to man- age the emergency resources in our country is based on the local authorities＇ experience without any clear-minded guide or theory for apprepriate quantitative or qualitative allocation criteria and often leads to the failure to achieve the best advantage of the resources as is expected. And, secondly, the most influential factor for optimizing resource allocation in disaster-hitting period is time-urgency. The reason for this is obvious because the response to the disaster sufferers must be prompt, instantaneous and immediate, or unconditional. Therefore, we have given a detailed discussion over the most influential parameters that are likely relevant here. What is more, we have brought about a fatality model open to an open discussion. In our model, we have illustrated all the fatalities involving the likely-to- happen secondary disasters, the duration of the rescue o
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期257-259,共3页
Journal of Safety and Environment
关键词
安全工程
应急资源
避难场所
优化配置
分配模型
safety engineering
emergency resource
emergency shelter
resource optimized allocation
allocation model
