摘要
用于船舶防污漆和农作物杀菌剂的三苯基锡(TPT)对淡水生态环境具有潜在的危害。用1～6 μgSn/L的TPT对热带爪蟾(Xenopustropicalis)胚胎从NF11/12阶段开始进行72 h暴露。结果表明,6μgSn/L暴露组胚胎的存活率比对照组降低了83%,3.5 μgSn/L及以上质量浓度的TPT暴露使胚胎的体长减少16%～35%,2.25μgSn/L及以上质量浓度暴露组胚胎的总畸形率均达100%。畸形现象主要包括眼睛异常,躯干拉长,泄殖腔突出,鳍变窄或消失,尾巴弯曲和皮肤色素减少等。在所有畸形表型中,TPT对鳍的影响最突出。暴露组胚胎的尾鳍宽度比对照组减少了17%～100%,并呈现明显的剂量效应关系。因此,TPT能抑制热带爪蟾胚胎的生长,并具有极强的致畸性,能特异性地阻碍爪蟾鳍的形成。
Triphenyhin （TPT） is primarily used as agricultural fungi- cides and ingredient in tributyltin （TBT）-based antifouling marine paints. In this paper, the West African clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis embryos were exposed to 1 - 6 tLgSn/L TPT from the stage NFll/12 for 72 h. After the exposure, the surviving embryos were anaes- thetized with MS - 222 and fixed in formaldehyde for morphological observations. The percentage of survival, body length and phenotypes of malformations were evaluated. Compared to control group, TPT decreased the percentage of survival of embryos by 83 % in 6 ggSn/L treatment group and significantly reduced the whole body length by 16% - 35% and tail length by 17% - 40% from 3.5 ggSn/L treat- ment group onwards. The ratio of tail length to whole body length showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. The embryos treated with TPT showed multiple malforma- tions. The total percentage of malformation reached 100% in embryos treated with 2.5 μgSn/L or higher concentrations of TPT. The most obvious alterations were enlarged proctodaeum, narrow fins, and skin hypopigmentation. Other malformations included abnormal eyes, trunk elongation, bent tail, etc. The exposure to TPT has led to the reduction of embryo＇s fin width by 17% - 100% and the ratio of embryo＇s fin width to tail length by 18% - 100% in a good concentration-dependent trend. In the groups treated with higher concentrations of TPT, the fins even totally disappeared in the trunks and tails, and the embryos with enlarged proctodaeum were more than 60%. As a common malformation, hypopigmentation was notable in all treatment groups. The phenotypes of malformations induced by TPT were highly identical to those by TBT. Our results suggest that TPT can inhibit the growth of X. tropicalis embryos and show strong teratogenic ef- fects on them. It can induce unique phenotypes of malformations, es- pecially the embryos＇ fins formation. Phenotypic comparison indicates that TPT might share the same m
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期1-4,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(20877023)
国家科技重大专项(2009ZX07317-006)
关键词
环境学
三苯基锡
热带爪蟾
胚胎
致畸
鳍
environmentalology
triphcnyhin
Xenopus tropicalis
embryo
teratogenic
fin
