摘要
为棕壤地区建设高产稳产玉米田和完善土壤肥力评价体系,进行了棕壤不同容重对玉米根系生长的试验研究。结果表明：在土壤有机质较低时,翻耙、旋耕或深松等物理机械耕作虽然可以创造播种前的较低容重条件,但是随着土壤的自然沉实,土壤容重在苗期就会迅速上升。玉米播种前的土壤容重越低,在苗期升高的幅度越大,1.101、.20 g.cm-3处理土壤容重无显著差异,均稳定在1.30 g.cm-3左右。而通过对两组不同容重不同有机质处理的盆栽试验表明,1.40 g.cm-3容重组施有机肥使土壤有机质达到3%时,可以使棕壤容重从玉米苗期到成熟期稳定在1.34 g.cm-3左右;土壤有机质达到4%和5%可以使棕壤容重从玉米苗期到成熟期稳定在1.24 g.cm-3左右,综合两组容重不同有机质处理可知,物理机械耕作结合不同的有机肥施用量可以创造不同的且较为稳定的土壤容重条件,以适应作物的生长需要,而土壤容重过低并不利于玉米的根系发育,在容重1.24~1.34 g.cm-3时,随着容重降低和有机质提高,根系生长旺盛,而从经济施肥角度分析,土壤有机质含量可保持在4%。
The effect of different soil bulk density on maize root growth in Brown soil through pot experiment was studied to construct high yield maize field and perfect evaluation system of soil fertilizer.The results showed that when the organic matter content was low,even physical and mechanical cultivation such as turn-rakes,spin tillage or deep loosening could create low density before presowing,but as the soil subsidence naturally,the density would increase rapidly in seedling stage.The lower soil bulk density in presowing,and the greater the amplitude elevated in seedling stage,there were no significant differences between 1.10 and 1.20 g·cm-3treatments,both stabled around 1.30 g·cm-3.And the results of two groups of different density with different organic matter pot experiment showed that 1.40 g·cm-3 treatment group SOM reached 3%,could make the density stable at more than 1.34 g·cm-3 from maize seedling to maturity;When SOM reached 4% and 5% could make the density stable at more than 1.24 g·cm-3 in Brown soil.Mixed the two groups of different density and different SOM content showed that physical and mechanical cultivation together with different organic fertilizer usage could create a different and more stable soil bulk density to meet the crop growth needs.While low soil bulk density was not convenient to maize root development,density in the range of 1.24~1.34 g·cm-3,with the bulk density lower and organic improve,root growth stronger.And from the economic fertilization perspective,the content of SOM could keep in 4%.
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2011年第8期27-31,共5页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
关键词
土壤容重
土壤有机质
根系活力
soil bulk density
soil organic matter
root vigor
