摘要
对天童常绿阔叶林地被层植物种类组成及群落学作用进行了初步研究。研究表明 :组成地被层计有维管植物 4 4科 78属 1 1 4种。蕨类植物优势度最大 ,里白占绝对优势。39种草木植物 ,以世界分布科和地面芽植物为主 ,常绿种类占 84 .6% ,未见亚洲和北美洲间断分布的地理成分。乔灌木幼苗 5 1种 ,80 %的苗量集中于 4～ 6个种中 ,优势种突出。藤本植物 2 4种 ,草质藤本占 2 5 % ,落叶种类 4 2 %。地面苔藓植物 ( 2 2种 )与枯枝落叶构成镶嵌分布 ,发育较成熟的群落中苔藓种类多 ,盖度大。里白及其枯死物形成层层交错重叠的地被层 ,阻碍凋落物进入地表 ,减弱光照 ,使近地表光照长期低于幼苗光补偿点 ,抑制了乔灌木优势种的更新。凋落物阻碍种子下移至半分解层 ,栲树种子下移率为 1 7%至 2 2 .3% ,冬季种子的动物损耗率平均为 98.2 % ,凋落物中种子的平均腐烂率为 2 8.2 % ,表层保存下来的栲树种子因缺水萌发速度慢且成活率低 ,下层萌发速度虽快 ,但腐烂率高 ,栲树天然更新幼苗主要来源于草窗。
This paper deals with the plant species and the function of the evergreen broad leaved forest floor in Tiantong.The results are as follows:there were 44 families,78 genera,114 species of vascular plants.The Pteridaphyta,especially the Diplopterygium glaucum, took the most advantage,being the most dominant species.The cosmopolitan families and hemicryptophyte occupied the highest percentage of the herbs.The evergreen species accounted for 84.6%.And the genera of the Asian and North American discontinuous distribution were not discovered.The seedling of trees and shrubs accounted for 51 species.80% of the plant individuals belonged to 4~6 species.There were 24 species of liana in the forest floor.25% of them were herbaceous species,42% were deciduous.On the ground,between bryophytes (22 species) cover and litter exhibited mosaic distribution pattern.In late successional communities the species of bryophytes became more and its cover were higher than early stages. D.glaucum and its litter established a very complex layer,which obstructed the forest litter fall to the ground.It reduced near ground light intensity and made it below seedling light composition point.It inhibited the natural regeneration of the forest.The litter obstructed the seeds to the duff,only about 17%~22.3% of the Castanopsis fargesii seeds could penetrate litter and got into the duff.In winter,about 98.2% of the ground C.fargesii seeds were consumed or transported by rodents.Among litter fall about 28.2% of the seeds went rotten.Because of deficiency of soil water,the seeds of litter surface regeneration rate and survival rate were lower than the duff. The naturally regenerated seedlings of C.fargesii were mainly found in the “herb gaps”.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第6期544-556,共13页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金!资助项目 ( 394 70 1 31 )
关键词
常绿阔叶林
林被层
更新
Evergreen broad leaved forest,Forest floor,Regeneration
