摘要
研究地位于巢湖市夏阁镇大庙村,巢湖流域富磷地区小柘皋河上游,该区域开采严重,形成大量的裸露区域,控制该区的水土流失、减少磷流失对巢湖的富营养化具有重要意义。在自然降雨条件下,在坡度为30°的坡地建立15个径流小区,以裸地为对照,研究了5种不同的建植模式:D1(裸地)、D2(狗牙根群落覆盖区)、D3(胡枝子+马棘群落覆盖区)、D4(胡枝子+马棘+狗牙根群落覆盖区)、D5(陡坡网+胡枝子+马棘+狗牙根群落覆盖区),对坡地水土流失和磷流失的影响。结果表明:各种植被的覆盖度均在9月达到最大值,其中狗牙根群落覆盖度最大达89%。随降雨量增加,径流小区地表径流量和土壤侵蚀量大体呈增加趋势,径流水中磷流失的大小受降雨强度的影响大于受降雨量的影响。植被建植对水土流失及磷流失具有一定的控制效果,灌木胡枝子、马棘的控磷效果较狗牙根好。比较几种不同建植模式,狗牙根+马棘+胡枝子群落的水土流失的控制效果最好,2010年地表径流量为5 377.3m3/km2,保水效率为66%,土壤侵蚀模数为25.4t/(km2.a),固土效率为97.2%。
The study site,a phosphorus-rich region which is located in the Damiao country,Xiage town,Chaohu city,is in the upper reaches of the little Zhegao river.Serious exploration of the region resulted in the formation of a large number of bare areas.Control of soil erosion in this area to reduce phosphorus loss is important to the eutrophication of Chaohu lake.The soil and water conservation of five different planting patterns were studied in the experiment,including D1（bare solpes）,D2（Cynodon dactylon community）,D3（Leapedeza bicolorTurcz and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats.community）;D4（Leapedeza bicolorTurcz,Cynodon dactylon and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats.community）;D5（Leapedeza bicolorTurcz,Cynodon dactylon and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats.community with the net） in the steep slope（30°）,bare solpes were used as control,by analyzing changes of vegetation biological characteristics and amount of water and soil loss in runoff plots under natural rainfall.The results showed：All the vegetation coverages were increased as the times gone.The Cynodon dactylon community coverage was the most as 89% in September.The wate and soil loss in runoff plots increased with the increase in rainfall,except for some indibiduals.The artifical vegetation improved the soil infiltration rate and reduced surface runoff,especially Leapedeza bicolor.Turcz and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats.community.The yearly amount of surface runoff and soil erosion modulus of D4 were 5 377.3 m3/km2 and 25.4 t/（km2·a）,and the capabilities of Leapedeza bicolorTurcz,Cynodon dactylon and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats.community on water conservation and soil conservation were the most,66% and 97.2%,respectively.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第3期26-30,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07103-003)
关键词
自然降雨
水土流失
径流小区
人工植被
natural rainfall
soil and water loss
runoff plots
artifical vegetation
