浙江良渚遗址群环境演变与人类活动的关系被引量：21

The relationship between environmental evolution and human activities in Liangzhu Sites Group,Zhejiang Province,China

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摘要良渚遗址群是距杭州市西北18 km的良渚镇和瓶窑镇毗邻地带间许多遗址的总称,代表了良渚文化发展的最高成就,是良渚文化的中心。根据在2007年发现的良渚古城墙外侧开挖的良渚北剖面、良渚西剖面沉积样品的粒度分析、孢粉分析数据,以及综合区域内多个剖面地层对比,恢复了该地区全新世环境的演变过程。研究表明,全新世良渚遗址群内环境演变可以分为4个阶段：（1）7 ka BP以前的平原区多为静水沉积环境,水域范围较大,水位较高,且水深逐渐增加,不太适合人类活动;（2）7~5.1 ka BP区域水位有所下降,水域面积缩小,部分较高的地区露出水面,较少接受沉积,一些低洼地区接受了沼泽相或河流泛滥相沉积,一些人类活动遗址开始出现;（3）5.1~4.3 ka BP水位较低,文化快速发展,平原上多见良渚文化遗迹,一些遗址堆积了较厚的良渚文化层;（4）4.3 ka BP以后水位再次升高,良渚文化衰落,多数良渚文化层之上都覆盖一套黄色或黄褐色泛滥相沉积。该地区全新世时期的水位波动与人类文化兴衰演化历史相关的现象表明,良渚遗址区域内地貌特征及水文环境的变化是影响良渚文化兴衰演化的重要原因之一。 The Liangzhu sites group is located in Yuhang division of Hangzhou city,Zhejiang Province.It is the most representative site of Liangzhu culture（5.3-4.3 ka BP） by virtue of its site density,diversity and hierarchical differences.Synthetic analyses of grain size and pollen of sedimentary samples from North and West Liangzhu profiles near the Liangzhu city-walls revealed the relationship between the rise and fall of prehistoric cultural and four stages of Holocene sedimentary environment evolution in this area：（1） before 7 ka BP,sedimentary environment went into a relatively high water level stage with cyan-gray still-water deposits and the finest grain size（6-6.5 Ф）.The forest expanded and was characterized by dramatic rise of broadleaved evergreens under a warm and humid climate;（2） 7-5.1 ka BP,the regional water level declined and the overlying shallow-water deposits were thin with partial strong hydrodynamic.Human activities began to emerge and intensified in the late period of this stage evidenced by high proportions of Gramineae pollen（Pollen Zone 1）;（3） 5.1-4.3 ka BP,the water level continually declined and reached the lowest level.Liangzhu culture sites distributed all over the low-lying plains with thicker cultural layers.The evergreen broad-leaved pollen were dominant taxa with Pinus pollen fluctuating（Pollen Zone 2-3）;（4） 4.3-3 ka BP,the level of water increased,and the Liangzhu cultural layers were submerged by river floodplain facies which were mainly made up of brown yellow silt（5-5.5 Ф）.Along with the impact of human activities,Gramineae pollen decreased clearly during 4.3-3.6 ka BP（Pollen Zone 4）,and then remains high（Pollen Zone 5）.Hydrological changes might be the controlling factor of the collapse of the late Neolithic Culture in the Liangzhu sites group.