摘要
目的:编制公众对自杀的态度量表(the Scale of Public Attitudes about Suicide,SPAS),并在社区和大学学生中检验其信效度。方法:采用多阶段分层随机取样,抽取山东农村居民604例、天津城市居民548例及重庆的大学学生626例,用SPAS进行调查。首次调查后5～8天,顺序选择1063例被试进行重测。将受教育程度≥9年(n=580)的社区居民随机分为自评(n=243)和由调查员提问并填写问卷(n=337),将自评的大学学生随机分为署名(n=321)和匿名(n=305)。结果:(1)SPAS包含47个条目,分为7个分量表。(2)自杀问题的社会重要性分量表的内部一致性和重测一致性偏低(Cronbachα=0.48,ICC=0.59);其他6个分量表的内部一致性α在0.62～0.87之间,重测一致性ICC在0.62～0.82之间。(3)农村居民、城市居民和学生之间,除对自杀的正性态度分量表得分外,其余6个分量表得分的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),农村组得分最高而学生组得分最低。自评组和由调查员提问并填写组相比,除自杀行为的自我不可控制性和对自杀的正性态度2个分量表外,其余5个分量表得分均是后者高于前者(均P<0.05)。署名和匿名组各分量表得分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:公众对自杀的态度量表是一个可靠的评估国内社会对自杀的态度的工具。
Objective： To develop a Scale of Public Attitudes about Suicide （SPAS） and assess its reliability and validity among community residents and college students in China. Methods： Firstly, we conducted qualitative focus groups and in-depth interviews on attitudes about suicide among community members and generated the initial scale of community attitudes related to suicide in China based on the results of text analyses and review of literature. Then we administered the scale to a large randomized community sample and revised it based on the results. This process was repeated by administering the scale to a second large community sample. Finally we administered the final version of the instrument to multi-stage, stratified random adult samples of 604 rural residents from Shandong, 548 urban residents from Tianjin, and 626 university students from Chongqing. To explore if different methods of administration would generate different results, community respondents with middle school education or higher were randomly assigned to either self-administration of the scale or administration by an interviewer; university students （ who all self-administered the scale） were randomly assigned to complete the instrument anonymously or to sign the instrument. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 1063 respondents who were re-administered the questionnaire 5 to 8 days （ average 6. 7 days） after the first administration. Results： The final scale included 47 i- tems that covered seven theoretical constructs （ difficulty in preventing suicide, extent to which suicide is outside the individual＇s personal control, stigmatizing beliefs about suicide, positive attitudes about suicide, suicidal behavior as a means of influencing others, social importance of suicide to the community, and similarity of attempted and completed suicide）. Six of the 7 subscales had good internal consistency （Cronbach a = 0. 62 -0. 87） and stable test-re- test reliability （ ICC = 0.62 - 0. 82） ; the one exception was the ＂soci
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第6期468-475,共8页
Chinese Mental Health Journal
基金
The Research Grants Council of HongKong#(CUHK4380/00H)
关键词
自杀
态度
量表
信度
效度
农村
城市
大学
现况调查
suicide
attitude
scale
reliability
validity
public
rural
urban
university
cross-sectional studies
