摘要
土壤微生物参与土壤氮素循环的生物学与生物化学过程,对氮素形态转化与去向产生很大影响。在现代农作物生产上农田普遍施用除草剂,除草剂进入土壤生态环境中影响土壤微生物种群数量、活性和土壤氮素循环过程,在一定程度上改变氮素各去向的比例。因此,除草剂的施用对植物氮素吸收利用和土壤氮的环境释放具有一定效应。文章综述了除草剂对生物固氮、土壤氮矿化与转化、氨挥发、硝化反硝化、温室气体N2O排放、植物的氮吸收利用、土壤氮损失等方面的影响,并提出了今后进一步研究的方向,为减少氮素损失和温室气体排放以及除草剂使用的安全性评价提供参考。
Soil microbes have significant influences on transformation and fate of nitrogen in soils by participating in the processes of biology and biochemistry in soil nitrogen cycle. At present, herbicides currently applied to field in modem crop production, and the herbicides would affect microbial population and activities and processes of soil nitrogen cycles, which insulted in altering nitrogen proportion in fate of soil nitrogen to some extent. Therefore, herbicides produced great effectives on uptake and utilization by plant and environmental release of nitrogen from soils. In this review, the authors systematically issued the effects of herbicides on biotic nitrogen-fixing, nitrogen mineralization and transformation, ammonia volatilization, nitrification and denitrification, greenhouse gas N2O emission, N uptake and utilization by plant and N loss from soil and so on. It is helpful to evaluate the environmental safety of herbicide application and make strategies for reducing soil N loss and greenhouse gas emission. In addition, some suggestions are given for future research in this field.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期767-772,共6页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
福建省自然科学重点基金(2006J00092008J0120)
福建省公益类项目(2009R10032-12010R1024-2)
国家公益性行业专项(201003014)
