摘要
通过对伊犁河谷新源县10户半定居家庭牧场草地资源利用、人工饲草生产、生产经营效益进行调查,研究分析暖季放牧、冷季舍饲的半定居家庭牧场在不同经营方式下饲草料供应量和牲畜数量之间的关系。结果表明:年度间天然草地生产力和降水量有显著的正相关关系;生产规模决定牧民的收入;达到草畜平衡的家庭牧场单位牲畜的生产效率更高。通过对夏牧场实施划区轮牧和分段放牧,将春秋牧场利用天数由现在的125天缩短到95天,以解决夏牧场局部退化和春秋牧场超载问题;通过扩大种植青贮玉米、苜蓿等高产优质牧草增加饲草来源,冷季舍饲时间由现在的135天延长到165天,使研究区家庭牧场草畜达到平衡,可持续发展。
Trough investigation of use of grassland resources,artificial forage production,production and management efficiency to study the relationship between the forage supply and livestock population under different ways of management in semi-settled families ranch,the results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the natural grassland productivity and annual precipitation;herdsmen＇s income depended on the scale of production;and the family ranch which kept a balance between forage and livestock would achieve more higher production efficiency.Through the implementation of rotational grazing on summer pastures and sub-grazing,the days in spring and autumn field was shorten from the present 125 days to 95 days ,which would resolve the partial degradation of pastures and overloading in spring and summer field;by expanding the cultivation of maize,alfalfa and other high yield and quality forage to increased forage source,the cool-season feeding time extended from the current 135 days to 165 days,which would promote the balance of forage and livestock of family ranch and sustainable development in the area .
出处
《草业与畜牧》
2011年第6期8-13,17,共7页
Pruataculture & Animal Husbandry
基金
全球环境基金(GEF)咨询服务项目"伊犁谷地家庭牧场草畜平衡优化模式研究"(052456CHA-XJ-07)
关键词
伊犁河谷
半定居
家庭牧场
草畜平衡
Yili river valley
Semi-nomads
Family ranch
Balance of forage and livestock
