摘要
本研究于2006～2007年的冬季(11月～12月)在甘肃兴隆山自然保护区开展,计测了马麝冬季生境的海拔等17个生态变量方面的特征,并比较了其冬季喜好生境(利用样地,n=91)和非选择生境(非利用样地,n=258)间的生态特征差异。结果表明:兴隆山马麝冬季利用样地的海拔(2038·43m±6·88m)、郁闭度(17·14%±1·62%)、乔木均高(3·12m±0·48m)和乔木胸径(8·97cm±1·54cm)均极显著低于非利用样地(海拔:2363·65m±9·11m;郁闭度:27·34%±1·32%;乔木均高:5·10m±0·36m;乔木胸径:11·45cm±0·70cm);马麝冬季对南坡(53·85%)和东坡(26·37%)的下坡位(90·11%)平坡及缓坡生境的利用率较大(36·27%),距人为影响也较近(<1000m,46·16%)。此外,马麝冬季喜好选择针阔混交林(31·87%)和灌丛(34·07%)、距水源较近(75·82%)、较开阔(59·34%)及避风性较好(81·25%)的生境。对喜好生境构成特征变量的主成分分析结果表明,"乔木因子"(由郁闭度、乔木均高、乔木胸径和乔木密度构成)、"水源因子"(由人为干扰、距水源距离和海拔构成)、"食物因子"(由植被类型和食物多度构成)、"坡度因子"(坡度)、"开阔度因子"(由坡向和开阔度构成)和"地表因子"(由雪深和地表植被盖度构成)是影响兴隆山马麝冬季生境选择的重要因素,这6个因子提供了70·94%的信息累积贡献率。兴隆山马麝冬季的生境选择综合反映了马麝冬季对喜好温度、食物、水源及反捕隐蔽的生态需求。
During November and December in 2006 and 2007,seventeen ecological factors were assessed for 91 sites inhabited by alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus） and 258 random plots throughout Xinglongshan national nature reserve in Gansu province of China.Comparisons between the two types of plots indicated alpine musk deer preferred winter habitats which were with lower altitude,arbor canopy,arbor height and diameter at breast heigh （DBH）,with preference for habitat on eastern and southern lower slope with lower gradient and lower anthropogenic disturbance dispersion.Moreover,alpine musk deer sites were located within conifer broadleaved forest and shrub habitat with lower water dispersion,reduced concealment and on the lee side.The principal component analysis showed that such factors as ＂arbor factor＂ （consisting of arbor canopy,arbor height,arbor DBH and arbor density）,＂water factor＂ （consisting of anthropogenic-disturbance dispersion,water dispersion and altitude）,＂food factor＂ （vegetation type and food abundance）,＂slope gradient factor＂ （consisting of slope gradient） and ＂topographic factor＂ （consisting of snow depth and ground-plant canopy） were the most important ecological factors influencing the habitat selection of alpine musk deer in winter in Xinglongshan national nature reserve of China.
出处
《四川动物》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第3期481-487,共7页
Sichuan Journal of Zoology
基金
国家自然科学基金(30770286
30970374)
教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"(NCET-08-0596)
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2008BADB0B06)资助项目
关键词
马麝
冬季
生境特征
兴隆山自然保护区
alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus）
winter
habitat structure
Xinglongshan national nature reserve
