摘要
目前中国内地的地铁系统开通安全评估,通常是采用组织专家进行开通前评审的方式。由于专家参与核查范围与内容的局限性,往往流于形式。这种缺少制度化、系统化安全管理与核查机制的模式,造成的安全隐患是在地铁系统开通运营并发生重大事故后才得以暴露。在国际上,特别是欧美发达国家,针对轨道交通行业建立系统安全保障规范体系已有多年。针对中国香港、台湾和内地地铁执行独立安全评估的不同模式,介绍两岸三地评估制度与执行特点和优缺点,其中特别针对柏诚2010年为深圳地铁3号线"试运营条件及安全独立评估"的执行过程与经验进行详细的案例分析。柏诚的独立评估采用系统的评估制度(系统查核模型),于开通前准备阶段梳理发现工程中存在的可能影响试运营开通进程与运营安全的各种缺陷与隐患(包括硬件系统与运营维修程序等),并针对其管控过程与排除结果进行完整性与有效性评估。
Pre-opening safety assessment for metro systems in China is normally conducted by ＂expert review＂ organized by the government.Given the limited scope and depth of assessment,the process often becomes a mere formality.Lack of completeness and systematic approaches in pre-opening safety assessment has led to the risk that some of the safety hazards are left unidentified until significant accident occurs during the operation stage of metro.For many years in developed countries,however,safety assurance processes have widely been implemented in the construction of metro.This paper analyzes different models of Independent Safety Assessment（ISA） for the metro systems in China including the mainland,Hong Kong and Taiwan,in which a case study on Shenzhen metro Line 3（SZML3） is used to describe how China is starting to adopt systematic methodologies（ISA Model） in the assessment of system and operational safety during the final phase of the SZML3 construction.The assessment,which has been conducted by Parsons Brinckerhoff,includes identification,control and mitigation of defects and hidden troubles in the hardware system as well as operating/maintenance procedures of metro.
出处
《都市快轨交通》
2011年第2期24-28,共5页
Urban Rapid Rail Transit
关键词
地铁
中国两岸三地
独立安全评估
运营安全
系统安全
开通准备
试运营条件
metro system
The Greater China Region
Independent Safety Assessment
operation safety
metro system safety
opening readiness assessment
metro opening readiness
