摘要
为解决石羊河流域不合理种植模式和灌溉方法引起的水资源短缺问题,采用轮作和调亏灌溉相结合的节水技术,在石羊河流域设置了5种轮作模式,从等价产量、耗水量、等价水分利用率、经济水分利用率和经济效益等方面进行不同灌溉条件下不同轮作模式的对比分析研究。结果表明:就单个轮作模式而言,不同灌溉条件下作物的等价产量、耗水量和经济效益表现为:充分灌溉>轻度调亏>重度调亏,等价水分利用率和经济水分利用率表现为:轻度调亏>充分灌溉>重度调亏;对不同轮作模式而言,在不同调亏灌溉条件下制种油葵-小麦/黄豆和小麦/黄豆-小麦2种模式具有增产、节水、提高水分利用率和增加经济收入的潜力,与常规小麦-玉米轮作模式相比,等价产量分别提高14.1%～29.5%和-0.4%～28.7%,分别节水42.5～96.5 mm和47.9～58.7 mm,等价水分利用率分别提高24.8%～37.3%和8.2%～36.0%,经济水分利用率分别提高119.8%～149.2%和-0.1%～26.1%,经济收入分别增加25 785～29 656 Yuan.hm-2和-614～5 501 Yuan.hm-2。因此,制种油葵-小麦/黄豆和小麦/黄豆-小麦2种轮作模式为比较理想的模式,对其进行轻度调亏时,可在少量减产的情况下起到节约灌水、提高水分利用率和水分经济利用率的效果,替代常规小麦-玉米轮作模式,实现石羊河流域农业可持续发展。
To deal with water shortage from unreasonable planting and irrigation modes in Shiyang River Area,5 crop rotation systems with regulated deficit irrigation（RDI） was developed.Crop equivalent yield,water consumption,equivalent WUE,economic WUE and economic benefit were evaluated.Based on the study,for a rotation system,the overall order of equivalent yield,water consumption and economic benefit was full irrigationmild RDIsevere RDI,the order of equivalent WUE and economic WUE was mild RDIfull irrigationsevere RDI.Compared with the other crop rotation systems,oil sunflower？wheat/soybean and wheat/soybean ？wheat rotation systems had greater potentials in terms of yield,saving-water and economic benefit.In comparison with the traditional wheat/maize rotation,their equivalent yield increased by 14.1%～29.5% and ？0.4%～28.7%,water-saving increased by 42.2～96.5 mm and 47.9～58.7 mm,equivalent WUE increased by 24.8%～37.3% and 8.2%～36.0%,economic WUE increased by 119.8%～149.2% and ？0.1%～26.1%,and income increased by 25 785～29 656 Yuan·hm？2 and ？614～5 501 Yuan·hm？2,respectively.Hence oil sunflower？ wheat/soybean and wheat/soybean？wheat systems proved to be the better cropping modes.The two systems enhanced water-saving and economic WUE under mild RDI.It was recommended that the two cropping systems be used in place of the traditional wheat/maize rotation system to realize the full potential of agricultural production in the Shiyang River Area.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第3期561-567,共7页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD46B06)资助
关键词
调亏灌溉
轮作
等价产量
耗水量
等价水分利用率
经济水分利用率
Regulated deficit irrigation
Crop rotation
Equivalent yield
Water consumption
Equivalent water use efficiency
Economic water use efficiency
