摘要
通过采集试验区长期施用鸡粪(PL)、猪粪(LM)和化肥(CF)的稻麦轮作耕层和犁底层土壤,分析了不同施肥处理土壤有机碳和养分含量、土壤物理结构特征、土壤生物学性质的差异,探讨了长期施用畜禽粪便对土壤质量的影响。研究结果显示,长期施用畜禽粪便耕层和犁底层土壤有机碳含量显著高于施用化肥处理(P<0.05);与CF处理比较,PL和LM处理土壤氮、磷、钾全量和有效养分含量均明显增加,其中耕层土壤O lsen-P含量为施用化肥处理的7—8倍,速效钾含量比施用化肥土壤高89.2%—102.9%。施用畜禽粪便明显改善了土壤物理结构,其耕层土壤大孔隙体积、中孔隙体积和总孔隙度分别为CF处理土壤的1.48—1.70倍,1.35—1.75倍和1.07—1.11倍;土壤团聚体水稳定性显著增强,而土壤抗张强度显著降低。施用畜禽粪便土壤微生物和生化性质也明显高于施用化肥土壤,其中LM处理耕层土壤MBC和MBN最大,分别是CF处理土壤的2.1倍和1.5倍;施用畜禽粪便土壤脲酶和转化酶活性也分别为施用化肥土壤的3.5—6.7倍和1.6—2.1倍。相关分析显示,土壤有机碳含量与各肥力指标间均表现出极显著相关(P<0.01)。研究结果说明,长期施用畜禽粪便土壤质量显著高于仅施化肥土壤。
With growth in the livestock and poultry farming industries,a large amount of animal excreta has been applied to agricultural soils as an organic fertilizer over the past 20 years.However,detrimental impacts of animal excreta applications on the quality of agricultural soils may occur,because the excreta can contain some harmful components,such as heavy metal and antibiotics.Soil quality,defined as ＂The capacity of soil to function＂,can reflect the physical,chemical and biological response of the soil to field management practices.The aim of this study was to determine the differences in soil quality after long-term application of organic manures to a rice-wheat rotation field established in 1988 on a Gley paddy soil.Treatments included poultry litter（PL）,livestock manure（LM） and chemical fertilizer（CF）.Soils from the cultivated horizon（Ap） and plow pan（P） were collected from the long-term experimental site in Jiangsu Province,China,and soil organic carbon,nutrient content,pore structure properties,aggregate stability indexes and microbial and biochemical properties were determined.Our study showed that（1） The PL and LM treatments significantly increased soil organic carbon content,total and available N,P and K,more than in the CF treatment and both in the cultivated horizon and plow pan（P0.05）.The Olsen-P content in the cultivated horizon receiving the PL and LM treatments increased by 7-8 times compared with the soil receiving the chemical fertilizer application,and the soil available K doubled.（2） Soil physical properties also improved significantly with the long-term application of PL and LM.The PL and LM applications further increased the volumes of soil macropore and mesopore in the Ap horizon by 148%-170% and 135%-175% over those in the CF treatment,respectively,while the soil micropore volume in the PL and LM treatments was less.Compared with the CF treatment,PL and LM treatments decreased the tensile strength of the soil aggregates in the Ap and P layers by 33.7%-36.9%
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期2837-2845,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX3-SW-435)
土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室基金(Y052010035)
广州大学新苗计划基金项目
关键词
鸡粪
猪粪
化肥
稻麦轮作
土壤质量
poultry litter
livestock manure
chemical fertilizer
rice-wheat rotation system
soil quality
