摘要
目前世界燃料乙醇的生产原料约60%为甘蔗或甜菜等糖质原料、33%为玉米或小麦等淀粉质原料,而纤维质原料正日益受到重视。我国可用于生产燃料乙醇的非粮淀粉质原料主要有甘薯、木薯、蕉藕、葛根等。其中蕉藕目前尚未形成产业化生产;葛根原料价格高,不宜作为乙醇原料;甘薯归属粮食范畴;只有木薯是最适宜制燃料乙醇的非粮淀粉质原料。纤维质原料主要包括农作物秸秆、农林废弃物、木屑等,其中农作物秸秆是我国产量最大的非粮燃料乙醇原料。秸秆资源密度考虑,利用区域应主要集中在河南、山东、江苏等地,保守估计这3个省的秸秆量可供生产1117×104t乙醇。目前制约纤维质原料制乙醇的关键瓶颈之一是原料的收集、运输及供应保障,若没有国家大的政策扶持和资金补贴,纤维质原料因缺乏经济可行性而尚不具备工业化生产乙醇的条件。糖质原料主要有甘蔗、甜菜、甜高粱茎秆和菊芋。由于菊芋菊粉附加值高,不宜作乙醇原料;甘蔗、甜菜主要用于糖业,不会作为乙醇原料;从单位土地面积乙醇产量和原料成本、农民种植收益综合来看,甜高粱茎秆是适宜生产燃料乙醇的糖质原料。需要寻求产业化种植模式来落实资源总量,提高资源保障度;另一方面要进一步研究低成本、安全保质的茎秆储藏技术。
Of all the feedstocks used in today′s fuel ethanol production worldwide,about 60% is sugar-containing plants such as sugar cane and sugar beet and 33% is starch-containing plants such as corn and wheat.In addition,cellulosic feedstocks are drawing increasingly wide attention.In China,the main starch-containing non-grain feedstocks for producing fuel ethanol include sweet potato,cassava,canna edulis and vine root.No commercial production of canna edulis has yet started in China.Vine root is not suitable for use as ethanol feedstock as it is too expensive.Sweet potato is actually a source of grain.Therefore,only cassava is the most suitable non-grain starch-containing feedstock for producing fuel ethanol.Cellulosic feedstocks mainly include straws,forest wastes and saw dust.Straw is the largest source of non-grain feedstock for producing fuel ethanol in China by output.For consideration of the availability of straw resources,the main areas utilizing this resource should be in Henan,Shandong and Jiangsu provinces.By conservative estimates,these three provinces′ combined output of straw can be used to produce 1117×104t of ethanol.One of the key obstacles to using cellulosic feedstock to produce ethanol is the gathering,transportation and supply of feedstock.Without governmental policy support and subsidies,due to the lack of economic viability,China is still not ready to produce ethanol using cellulosic feedstock on a commercial scale.The main sugar-containing feedstocks include sugar cane,sweet beet,sugar grass stalks and Jerusalem artichoke.As it has a high value,Jerusalem artichoke powder is not suitable for use as feedstock for ethanol.Sugar cane and sweet beet are mainly used in the sugar production industry and thus will not be used as feedstock for ethanol.From the perspective of ethanol production in unit acreage,feedstock cost and farmer′s revenue from plantation,sugar grass stalks are suitable for use as the feedstock for fuel ethanol.A commercial-scale plantation should be in place to secure feedsto
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2011年第5期40-45,共6页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
非粮燃料乙醇原料
淀粉质
纤维质
糖质
木薯
农作物秸秆
甜高梁茎秆
non-grain feedstock for fuel ethanol
starch-containing
cellulosic
sugar-containing
cassava
straw
sugar grass stalks
