摘要
黄土丘陵区东南部是我国最适宜的苹果栽培区之一。1999年国家实施退耕还林政策以来,该地区通过退耕坡地和扩大优质苹果栽培面积,取得了生态和经济双效成果。为探究黄土丘陵区果园在水土保持和增加农民收入方面的双效功能,以延安燕沟流域为例,通过样地测量和构建评价模型,从果树树冠盖度、果园地表特征以及土壤侵蚀和果品经济收入等方面评价了果园的生态经济耦合状况。结果表明:(1)燕沟流域的果园主要分布在地形坡度大于15°的坡地上,占流域果园总面积的比重高达79.06%。果园收入已成为农民现金收入的主要来源,2006年来源于果园的收入占农民现金收入的比例高达59.49%。(2)果园与森林(有林地)在水土保持方面至少具有同等的功效。流域果园树冠平均盖度达0.81,果园鱼鳞坑面积及其可控制坡面面积占果园面积的比例达38.96%。(3)果园的生态经济耦合指数与年侵蚀性降雨量的变化趋势一致,侵蚀性降雨量越大,果园单位产出付出的土壤侵蚀代价越高;果园单产越高或苹果市场收购价格越高,其生态经济耦合指数越低,生态经济耦合程度越好。
The southeast of the Loess hilly-gully region is one of the most suitable apple cultivation area in China.The governments implemented the de-farming slope farmland policy since 1999,the area had made great improvement both in ecology and economy by de-farming slope and enlarging the area of orchard.To explore the double effects of the orchard on conservation of water and soil,also on the farmers＇ income increase,taking the Yangou watershed as an example,the paper assessed the orchard eco-economy coupling situation by measuring the sample plot and constructing assessment model,including the crown of an apple tree,orchard ground surface characteristic,soil erosions and the apple-planting income.Results show that：（1）The orchard mainly distributed over slope-land with gradients more than 15° in Yangou watershed,accounting for 79.06% of the total orchard area.The income of the orchard became the dominant source of the farmers＇ general earning,accounting for 59.49% of total income in 2006;（2）The orchard has the same effect in conservation of water and soil as the forest.The average crown coverage in the orchard is up to 0.81,the area of fish scale pit and the controllable slope account for 38.96% of the total orchard area;（3）The variation of orchard eco-economy coupling index is consistent with the annual erosive rainfall,the more the erosive rainfall is,the larger the orchard output soil erosion will be.The higher the acquisition price or the yields per unit area,the lower the index and the better the degree of eco-economy coupling will be.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期30-34,43,共6页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40771086)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B10)
关键词
果园
生态经济耦合
燕沟流域
黄土丘陵区
orchard
eco-economy coupling index
Yangou watershed
Loess hilly-gully region
