摘要
针对井喷事故从量变到质变整个过程的特征,首次运用安全流变—突变理论,分析了油气井从溢流到发生井喷整个过程的规律,描述了井喷事故中安全流变的特点及其影响因素。运用安全流变—突变的物理模型和数学模型,对井喷事故流变—突变过程进行了分析。最终将井喷事故划分为3大阶段:损伤减速增加阶段、损伤等速增加阶段和损伤加速增加阶段,具体归纳为6个小的阶段:溢流潜伏阶段、溢流阶段、井涌阶段、井喷阶段、后效阶段和过渡阶段,从而揭示了井喷事故发生的实质。研究结果表明:控制井喷事故发生的关键就是要将其控制在流变阶段(井喷阶段之前),最多不能超过突变的警戒点(井涌与井喷的交界点)。因此,通过加强安全管理并采取安全技术措施,应使安全流变阶段尽量延长,以防止其向突变的方向发展。
Aiming at the whole process of a well blowout from quantitative to qualitative changes,the theory of safety rheology and mutation was first adopted to analyze the general rule from overflow to blowout of an oil or gas well,meanwhile both the characteristics and the influencing factors of safety rheological changes in a well blowout accident are described.On basis of this,a physical and a mathematic Safety Rheology-Mutation Models are built and adopted to analyze the whole rheology and mutation process of a well blowout.As a result,a well blowout is divided into 3 stages by the speed of damage and loss: decelerating,constant,and accelerating,and is also particularly summarized as 6 detailed steps: hidden overflow,overflow,kick,blowout,aftereffect,and transition,completely disclosing the essence of how a well blowout occur from the very beginning to the end.The research results show that the key to controlling a blowout accident lies in the rheological stage,and at most not to exceed the mutation vigilance point(the point between well kick and well blowout),so safety management should be strengthened and safety technologies be applied to extend the safety rheological stage and to prevent the occurrence of mutation as well.
出处
《天然气工业》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期109-112,133-134,共4页
Natural Gas Industry
基金
中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司"高含硫天然气井钻井作业风险评价方法与应用"(编号:2008-46)部分研究成果
关键词
井喷
流变-突变理论
模型
地层流体
安全
损伤
事故
blowout,Rheology-Mutation theory,model,formation fluids,safety,damage,accident
