摘要
通过考察识解水平启动对跨期选择和风险选择的影响,探究两类选择对时间或风险心理加工的相似性。结果发现,无论以思维诱导为识解水平的启动条件(实验1),还是以视觉加工为识解水平的启动条件(实验2),受高识解水平启动的被试对延迟选项和风险选项的主观值判断都要大于受低识解水平启动的被试,说明跨期选择中的延迟时间和风险选择中的概率具有相似的表征,而识解水平思维定势是通过影响金额和时间(或概率)的相对权重起作用。即由于高识解水平下的金额权重高于低识解水平,时间(或概率)权重低于低识解水平,从而使被试在高识解水平下更愿意等待或冒险。
It has been proved that there exist a number of similarities between intertemporal choice and risky choice.The similarities imply that some equal processes may be included in these two choices.Construal level theory（CLT） proposes a new explanation of these similarities.In CLT,time and probability are both dimensions of psychological distance,and are represented in similar ways（Trope Liberman,2003,2010）.Distant or uncertain events are represented as high level construals,whereas near or certain events are represented as low level construals.As events become more distant or less certain,the high-level construals become more influential whereas the low-level construals become less influential in shaping preferences.Meanwhile,delay or probability is represented as low-level construal in valuation of delayed or risky choices,whereas the magnitude of money is represented as high-level construal（Sagristano,Trope, Liberman,2002;Trope Liberman,2003）.The purpose of this paper is to shed some additional light on the underlying processes of intertemporal and risky choice by investigating the effects of construal-level mindsets on them.We hypothesize that construal-level mindsets have similar effects on intertemporal and risky choice because time and probability are represented in similar ways.As the magnitude of money（high-level construal） is more influential whereas time and probability（low-level construal） are less influential,participants with high-level mindsets might value delayed and risky money higher than those with low-level mindsets.Two experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis.In experiment 1,140 college students were procedurally primed to high or low level construal mindsets by considering questions related to ＂why＂ or ＂how＂ they engaged in certain actions,then some participants accomplished intertemporal choices（experiment 1a） and others made risky choices（experiment 1b）.In experiment 2,139 college students were procedurally primed to high or low level construal mind
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期442-452,共11页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
浙江省自然科学基金资助(Y206488)
关键词
识解水平
心理距离
跨期选择
风险选择
时间折扣
construal level
psychological distance
intertemporal choice
risky choice
time discounting
