摘要
[目的]蜜蜂是一种重要的传粉昆虫,近年来世界各地出现了严重的种群衰退现象,原因之一是农业生产过程中使用了大量农药。采用摄入法测定了300个农药制剂对蜜蜂的急性经口毒性,旨在了解我国常用农药对蜜蜂的毒风险情况。[结果]结果表明:对蜜蜂的急性经口毒性表现剧毒、高毒、中毒、低毒的农药制剂分别占14.7%、35.6%、10.7%、39%,高毒和剧毒农药产品达50%以上,但这些制剂主要为杀虫剂,占整个杀虫剂的74.1%,杀菌剂和除草剂对蜜蜂的毒性相对较低;对于相同有效成分的不同制剂之间,由于有效成分含量、助剂、剂型及加工工艺等的差异,从而对蜜蜂的毒性出现有差异的情况;此外,部分生物源农药也对蜜蜂具有较高毒性。[结论]我国农药制剂产品中,对蜜蜂表现高急性毒性的产品比例较大,在农业生产过程中,尤其是使用杀虫剂时尽量避免或减轻其对蜜蜂造成的影响。
[Aims]honey bee is one of the most important insects for plant pollination,but the honey bees are underlying the phenomenon of colony collapse disorder（ccD）,one of the factors causing this problem is the much use of pesticides in agricultural production.Totally 300 pesticides were tested for their acute oral toxicity to honey bee（Apis mellifera）by dietary method in the paper,the objective of this study is to understand the status of toxicity of common used pesticides.[Results]The results indicated that the pesticides with very high toxicity,high toxicity,moderate toxicity and low toxicity pesticides accounted for 14.7,35.6,10.7,39%respectively,the high toxic and very high toxic pesticide covered more than 50%,and these pesticides were mainly the insecticides,while the fungicides and herbicides with relative low toxicity.The toxicity of different pesticide formulations with the same active ingredients（AI）to zebra fish maybe varied for the difference in Ai content,formulation type and processing technique.regarding to the biological pesticides,some of them still have high toxicity to honeybee.[Conclusions]These results suggested that the pesticides with high toxicity to honey bee covered a large proportion of common used pesticides in china,therefore,some precautions should be involved as we used the pesticides,particularly for insecticides to reduce or avoid the side effects on honey bee.
出处
《农药》
CAS
北大核心
2011年第4期278-280,共3页
Agrochemicals
