摘要
存在句的主语有三种类型,即方位成分做主语、存在主体做主语以及空位主语或无主语,其中前两种情况较常见。由于存在句是一种不同于典型动词句的边缘句式,方位成分和存在主体都不是典型的主语,却都具有某些主语特性,这在形态句法上也有体现。一些语言中对存在句句法成分的分析分歧较大,这是存在句本身的非典型性决定的。典型主语的语义特征在方位成分和存在主体上都有所体现,形态句法层面上方位成分和存在主体都体现某些但不是全部的主语特性,这是共性。各语言在对二者选用上或有所侧重,这是共性中的变异。
Typological investigation reveals that the subject of the existential construction(EC) falls into three types:the locative element(L) as the subject,the existent(E) as the subject and the dummy subject/null subject,with the first two types being more common.Neither of the two arguments(i.e.,L and E) in EC are typical subjects(which are prototypically defined in terms of sentences with transitive action verbs).Nevertheless,both manifest subjecthood to a certain degree,which is in turn expressed at the morpho-syntactic level.The atypical subjecthood of L and E offers explanation why there are widespread controversies over the identification of the subject of EC.If we see subjecthood as a cluster of features,we will find these features are distributed over both L and E.The distribution varies in different languages.
出处
《外语教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第2期163-182,319,共20页
Foreign Language Teaching and Research
基金
国家社科基金项目"句法功能特征及现代汉语相关句法问题研究"(10BYY061)的资助
