摘要
自19世纪工业革命以来,由于氮肥施用、化石燃料燃烧等人类活动带入全球生态系统的活性氮逐年增加。这些流入生态系统的活性氮造成了严重的环境问题,例如水体富营养化、地下水硝态氮污染、平流层臭氧层破坏等。氮足迹模型是在全球活性氮污染日趋严重的背景下提出的。氮足迹研究在定量评价人类生产生活方式对活性氮排放的影响,调整人类的生产生活方式,减少活性氮危害等方面有重要的理论价值与实践意义。近年来,氮足迹的研究日益受到西方各国科学家的关注,其中已有少量相关研究发表。相比较而言,国内科学界对氮足迹研究的关注还不多,目前为止还没有有关氮足迹研究的文献资料。本文综述了氮足迹的概念、研究意义、主要模型方法、国外研究进展以及未来研究热点。并指出氮足迹计算模型的改进与发展、主要活性氮在氮足迹计算中的权重以及活性氮污染严重区域或国家的氮足迹评价将是未来氮足迹研究的热点。
As a result of anthropic activities such as fertilizer application and fuel burning,the amount of reactive nitrogen emitted into global eco-system has been increased yearly since the 19th century industrial revolution.Reactive nitrogen emitted into global eco-system has resulted in serious environmental issues such as surface water eutrophication,groundwater pollution and stratospheric ozone depletion.Nitrogen footprint was put forward in the backdrop of increased severity of global reactive nitrogen pollution.Research on nitrogen footprint has theoretical and practical significance in evaluating the effect of anthropic activities on reactive nitrogen emission,regulating human life style and reducing anthropic reactive nitrogen emission.Although western scientists have increasingly focused attention on nitrogen footprint research in recent years,and a few literatures have been published on this discipline.On the contrary,research on nitrogen footprint is not deeply rooted in China＇s scientific community.There are hardly any published literatures of nitrogen footprint by Chinese scientists.This paper therefore reviewed the definitions,calculating models,research advances/significance,and future research directions of nitrogen footprint.The review showed that future nitrogen footprint research hot-pots were improving/developing calculating models,determining relative weight of reactive nitrogen species,and assessing ni-trogen footprints in heavy reactive nitrogen pollution regions/countries.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期462-467,共6页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-YW-449)和中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09-11)资助
关键词
活性氮
氮足迹
氮素循环
氮素污染
生命周期分析
水体富营养化
Reactive nitrogen
Nitrogen footprint
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen pollution
Life cycle analysis
Water eutrophication
