摘要
中国的叶猴据记载可能有5种:长尾叶猴(Semnopithecusentellus)(含2亚种)、戴帽叶猴(Trachypithecuspileatus)、灰叶猴(Trachypithecusphayrei)(含2亚种)、黑叶猴(Trachypithecusfrancoisi)(含2亚种)和(?)金叶猴(Trachypithecusgeei)。对这些叶猴的属、种分类颇有争议:在属级水平上,曾使用过Pithecus、Semnopithecus、Presbytis和Trachypithecus作为属名,我国绝大多数学者迄今一直用Presbytis作为属名。本文采用Semnopithecus(长尾叶猴)和Trachypithecus(其他叶猴)作为属名;在种级水平上,Allen(1938)记述的云南西南部的巴氏叶猴(Pithecusobscurusbarbei),我们认为是灰叶猴的掸邦亚种(Trachypithecusphayreishanicus);T’an(1957)订的白头叶猴(Presbytisleucocephalus)应是黑叶猴的一个亚种。叶猴在我国的分布系从西到东、从北到南的替代分布。5种叶猴在我国均系濒危物种而被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物。据近期调查,我国叶猴的数量分别是:长尾叶猴约1000只,戴帽叶猴500～600只,灰叶猴5000～6000只,黑叶猴3200～3500只(其中白头亚种1200～1400只),金叶猴在我国是否确有分布尚待核实。80年代以来,我国多数叶猴的栖息地已划出32个自然保护区加以保护,其栖息环境有所改善,人为捕杀已被禁止,数量趋于稳定。
Except for three species of snub nosed monkeys and one douc,which was noted according to a skin on Hainan Island in 19 th Century,five species of leaf monkeys have been recorded in China.They are Semnopithecus entellus,Trachypithecus pileatus,Trachypithecus geei (?), Trachypithecus phayrei and Trachypithecus francoisi .However,some disputes still exist concerning taxonomy on the genus and species level.In genus, Pithecus,Semnopithecus,Presbytis and Trachypithecus all were used as the genus name for leaf monkeys covering a wide range from mainland of Asia to islands of Southest Asia.Since middle of 1980s,most of West scientists separated the group into three genera: Semnopithecus for hanuman langur, Trachypithecus for species on mainland of Asia and Presbytis for the species on Sunda Islands,Southeast Asia.While many scientists in China still use Presbytis as the genus name for all Chinese leaf monkeys so far.Though Corbet et al .(1992) combined Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus because there were hybrid offspring between the two genera.In primates,nevertheless,hybrid between genera also happened in some other groups in captive.Therefore,we adopted the view of most scientists that Chinese leaf monkeys are separated into two genera: Semnopi thecus and Trachypithecus .In species,we think that Pithecus obscurus barbei described by Allen (1938)in southwestern Yunnan is a subspecies of Trachypithecus phayrei ,and Presbytis leucocephalus named by T'an (1957)is a subspecies of Trachypithcus francoisi . Chinese leaf monkeys demonstrate a vicarious distribution pattern from west to east, Semnopithecus entellus in Himalayas, Trachypithecus geei in Menyu and Luoyu,South Tibet, T pileatus in Mt.Gaoligong,northwestern Yunnan, T phayrei in West and South of Yunnan,and T francoisi in Guangxi,Guizhou and Chongqing.All five species have been listed as the First Category in State Key Protected Wildlife List of China and in Appendix Ⅰ of CITE
基金
国家自然科学基金!重点资助项目 ( 3 973 0 0 80 )部分内容
关键词
叶猴
分类
现状
保护
中国
Leaf monkey,Taxonomy,Status,Conservation,China
