摘要
通过调查统计与现场采样,分析了三峡库区小流域农业面源污染的压力、状态和响应态势,确定了主要污染物、主要污染源、农业面源污染负荷容量及其削减量。采用清单分析方法,核算了小流域化学肥料施用、有机肥施用、农作物秸秆、畜禽养殖、农村生活污水、生活垃圾和农田土壤侵蚀等7个来源对农业面源污染化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD5)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)排放负荷及其贡献。并采用实地监测,分析了小流域水环境质量。王家沟小流域农业面源污染物COD、BOD5、TN、TP的排放量分别为12 100,6 413,1 780,327kg/a,其水质测算浓度分别为22.23,11.44,3.15,0.58mg/L,与实测浓度相差不大,说明大尺度的农业面源污染负荷计算与小尺度的农业面源污染实测是相容的。户用沼气对7个污染源的控制包含直接与间接作用、促进与抑制作用。单口户用沼气池全年可减少COD 230.65kg,BOD5146.87kg,TN 38.00kg,TP 11.84kg的污染物进入水体。王家沟小流域主要污染物是TN、TP、BOD5,主要污染源是畜禽养殖、化肥施用、农作物秸秆。为了使王家沟小流域农业面源污染物达标,在考虑水环境容量的基础上,需要新建户用沼气池32口,最终沼气池入户率将达到49.2%。
The investigation and sampling were conducted to discuss the pressure-stat-response of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution（NPSP） in the Three Gorges reservoir areas,and to determine the priority pollutants,the priority pollution source the water environmental capacity and minifying amount of NPSP.The discharge amounts of COD,BOD5,total nitrogen（TN） and total phosphor（TP） was accounted by the list analysis from the 7 sources of NPSP such as chemical inorganic fertilizers,organic fertilizers,crops straw,stockbreeding,domestic sewage,domestic wastes and soil erosion.The water environmental quality was discussed by monitoring.The discharge amount of COD,BOD5,TN and TP from NPSP were 12 100,6 413,1 780,327 kilograms per year,and its discharge concentration were 22.23,11.44,3.15,0.58 mg/L by calculation,in which no significance differences was observed with monitoring.Household biogas digesters had both direct and indirect effects,both accelerative and restrain effects.The 230.65 kg COD,146.87 kg BOD5,38.00 kg TN and 11.84 kg TP could be minified by one household biogas digesters.The priority pollutants were TN,TP and BOD5,the priority pollution source were stockbreeding,chemical inorganic fertilizers and crops straw.Taking account of water environmental capacity,32 new household biogas digesters should be constructed in order to water quality fit for standard in Wangjiagou valle.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期114-118,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家"十一五"水专项(2008ZX07104-002-07B)
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2007BAD87B10-5
2006BAD17B09)
关键词
农业面源污染
压力-状态-响应
户用沼气
agricultural non-point source pollution
pressure-stat-response
household biogas digesters
