摘要
通过野外群落调查,以物种重要值为生态位计算的资源状态指标,应用Levins公式、Hurtlbert公式、Pianka公式和Schoener公式,对福建将石、浙江开化、广东仁化、湖南沅陵和贵州荔波的乌冈栎群落乔木树种的生态位宽度、生态位重叠和生态位相似性比例进行了计算与分析。结果表明:1)乌冈栎作为群落的建群种,其生态位宽度要大于其他物种,Levins和Hurtlbert生态位宽度值在各群落中分别为0.678、0.690、0.693、0.682、0.694和0.879、0.950、0.967、0.908、0.972。2)从Pianka生态位重叠值来看,Np<0.6的种对占全部种对的70%以上,一方面说明群落物种对资源的需求有各自的专一性,另一方面也说明群落中存在一定的生态位分化;此外,重叠的发生并不一定意味着竞争的存在,只是在资源缺乏时候,竞争才会发生。3)从Schoener生态位相似性来看,Cih>0.4的高相似性分布段中,将石、开化、仁化、沅陵和荔波所占比例分别为44.76%、24.09%、33.33%、39.08%和43.69%,相似性比例越高的种对,对资源的需求就具有越高的趋同性,由此可判断群落生态位分化的程度。4)乌冈栎林属于稳定的地形顶级群落,各物种所占据的生态位是自然界长期选择的结果,群落处于动态的稳定状态;在没有外部干扰的情况下,乌冈栎将长期保持优势种的地位。
Based on the using importance value as one index of resource state,tree stratus niche characteristics of Quercus phillyraeoides communities distributed in Fujian Jiangshi,Zhejing Kaihua,Guangdong Renhua,Hunan Yuanling,and Guizhou Libo were calculated and analyzed with Levins,Hurtlbert,Pianka and Schoener formulas.The results showed that： 1） As the edificator in the communities,the niche breadth value of Quercus phillyraeoides was larger than other species,with Levins（Bi） and Hurlberts＇（Ba） values being 0.678,0.690,0.693,0.682,0.694 and 0.879,0.950,0.967,0.908,0.972 respectively.2） For more than 70% species pair,values of niche overlap were less than 0.6,which indicated that species in the communities were partial to special resource and there were niche differentiation among them;what＇s more,niche overlap between the species did not mean the competition,which should happen when the communities went short of resources.3） the distribution proportion of Schoener value（Cih0.4） was 44.76%,24.09%,33.33%,39.08% and 43.69% respectively in Jiangshi,Kaihua,Renhua,Yuanling,and Libo,which means they were highly similar in the requirement of resource,and we can judge the niche differentiation by the niche similarity.4） Quercus phillyraeoides communities belonged to the stable climax,so the niche of each species in the communities was chosen by the nature for a long term;Quercus phillyraeoides would keep the dominant state unless the human disturb occurrs.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
2011年第1期108-114,120,共8页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
"十一五"国家科技支撑课题子专题"海岸带农林复合系统种间调控技术"(2006BAD03A0507-2)
关键词
乌冈栎群落
生态位宽度
生态位重叠
生态位相似性
Quercus phillyraeoides community
niche breath
niche overlap
niche similarity
