摘要
利用排水式蒸渗仪,通过设置6种地下水位控制处理（地下水位埋深分别为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 m和3.0 m）试验,探讨了太原盆地不同地下水埋深对冬小麦和春玉米生长指标、产量、产量构成因素及水分生产效率（WUE）的影响。结果表明,地下水埋深对冬小麦和春玉米千粒重的影响较小,对冬小麦干物质重影响显著（P=0.05）;地下水埋深超过1 m后,冬小麦基本苗、分蘖数、穗数、穗粒数明显增加,春玉米株高、穗位高度、单株穗重明显增加。通过连续多年试验分析（2002-2006年）,冬小麦产量和WUE随地下水埋深的增加而增加;地下水埋深H=0.5 m时,春玉米产量最高（8 262.0 kg/hm^2）,而WUE最低（0.97 kg/mm）;H=1.5 m时,春玉米WUE最高（1.44kg/mm）,产量（7 221.0 kg/hm2）低于最高产量。在山西汾河灌区,从提高作物产量和WUE的双重目标出发,冬小麦和春玉米生育期内的地下水适宜埋深应分别控制在1.5 m和1.0 m以下。
The growth indicators,yield,yield components and water use efficiency（WUE） of winter wheat and spring maize were investigated under different groundwater depth by using drainable lysimeter.The results showed that different groundwater depth had little influence on 1000-grian weight of winter wheat and spring maize.They had significant effect（P=0.05） on dry matter weight of winter wheat.When groundwater depth was more than 1.0m,the planting density,tiller number,spike number,grains per spike of winter wheat and the plant height,spike heigth,ear weight per plant of spring maize increased significantly.Analysis of experimental data of many years（2002～2006） indicated that the yield and WUE of winter wheat increased with groundwater depth increasing;when groundwater depth was 0.5 m,the yield of spring maize got to the highest value（8 262.0 kg/hm2）,while WUE was the lowest（0.97 kg/mm）.When groundwater depth was 1.5 m,the WUE was highest（1.44 kg/mm）,while the yield of spring maize（7 221.0 kg/hm2） was lower than the highest value.According to the double target of improving the yield and WUE,the suitable groundwater depth for winter wheat and spring maize were 1.5 m and 1.0 m below respectively in Fenhe Irrigation District.The results obtained from the paper would be helpful to the study of water-saving irrigation design and effective irrigation management of winter wheat and spring maize.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期29-33,共5页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家现代玉米产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(nycytx-02-18)
