摘要
1978年至今30多年期间,Q矢量一直不断得到改进与完善,并被广泛应用于天气诊断分析及实际业务预报。Q矢量理论研究主要包括:准地转Q矢量、C矢量、广义Q矢量、半地转Q矢量、非地转干Q矢量、非地转湿Q矢量及非均匀饱和大气中的非地转湿Q矢量等。Q矢量应用研究主要包括:Q矢量分解及对Q矢量诊断分析能力的提高;Q矢量散度被定性用于短期天气预报工作;对以Q矢量散度为强迫项的ω方程的迭代计算及水汽作用的考虑,则将Q矢量分析应用于定量降水预报(QPF)。基于对30多年来Q矢量分析的理论研究及应用的总结、分析基础上,最后进行了有意义的讨论,指出了现阶段仍然存在的问题,并对未来研究工作方向进行了展望。
The concept and analysis of Q vector were first introduced by Hoskins in 1978.During the last three decades,the Q vector has been intensively analyzed and widely applied to synoptic diagnosis and operational forecast.The theories of Q vector mainly include two-dimensional and three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic Q vector derived from quasi-stationary,quasi-geostrophic,adiabatic,frictionless equations on f-plane,generalized Q vector under AB approximation,semi-geostrophic Q vector under GM approximation,ageostrophic Q vector derived from quasi-stationary,adiabatic,frictionless primitive equations on f-plane,ageostrophic Q vector with diabatic effects and further modification,and moist ageostrophic Q vector in non-uniformly saturated atmosphere.The applications of Q vector mainly contain improvement of diagnostic ability by the partition of Q vector and of accurate weather forecast by the divergence of Q vector,and the application of Q vector to quantitative precipitation forecast（QPF） by the iterative calculation of equation with the forcing of divergence of Q vector and water vapor.This review summarizes main results from studies of Q vector from 1978 to now pointing out that the problem still exists at this stage and discusses the further perspective of research of Q vector.
出处
《暴雨灾害》
2010年第4期297-306,共10页
Torrential Rain and Disasters
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40875025
40875030
40775033和40921160381)
上海市自然科学基金项目(08ZR1422900)
中国气象局2009年气象新技术推广重点项目(09A13)
关键词
Q矢量
诊断分析
预报应用
研究进展
Q vector
Diagnostic analysis
Application in weather forecast
Advances
