摘要
目的了解漳州地区霍乱流行规律和趋势,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法收集漳州地区1962~2008年霍乱发病、科研及外环境监测资料,应用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果霍乱传入漳州市已40多年,疫情起伏不定,先后发生过3次较大流行。至2008年底有17年发生霍乱疫情,疫情波及11个县（市、区）,共发生霍乱3 646例,死亡81例,健康带菌者1 332例,1998年发现首例O139病例后出现2群霍乱同时流行;病例主要分布于沿海50 km内的地区,波及范围广,发病率高,发病早,持续时间长,且与泥土的pH和钾含量及水的pH、氯化物含量有关;霍乱流行有明显季节性,每年的7~11月份为流行高峰期,气温在20℃以上时,霍乱病例增多,处于流行状态,在流行后期,气温降至20℃以下时,经过一个最长潜伏期后病例显著减少;60岁以上年龄组人群发病率较高,发病以农民为主,密切接触者带菌率高;第一次流行小川型1a患者轻、中、重型各占一定比例;第二次流行稻叶1d以轻型为主,占71.64%;第三次流行小川1b和O139型以中、轻型为主,占84.67%;霍乱主要经水和食物传播;流行优势菌株第一次流行以小川型1a为主,第二次流行以稻叶型1d为主,第三次流行以小川型1b为主,1999~2002年优势菌群改以O139群为主;霍乱弧菌耐药谱呈现一定的变化,对氟哌酸、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、先锋霉素、利福平高度敏感,对四环素不敏感。结论霍乱的发生和流行主要取决于自然因素和社会因素。目前漳州市霍乱流行因素依然存在。
Objective To explore cholera patterns and trends in the City of Zhangzhou in order to provide prevention and control strategies.Methods Data on cholera outbreaks,scientific research,and outdoor environment monitoring were analyzed for Zhangzhou from 1962 to 2008,and statistical analysis was done with descriptive epidemiology.Results Cholera was introduced to the City of Zhangzhou over 40 years age.Since then,its incidence has fluctuated and it has struck three times.In the 17 years prior to the end of 2008,cholera had spread to 11 counties（cities and districts）,and there were 3 646 cholera cases,81 deaths,and 1 332 healthy carriers seen during this period.Two strains of cholera became prevalent after the first case of O139 cholera occurred in 1998.Cases were primarily distributed within 50 kilometers of the sea,and vast areas were involved.Those outbreaks of cholera were long-lasting,and most were related to the pH of mud,potassium content,the pH of water,and chloride content.Cholera peaks annually for 7-11 months,and cases increase with a temperature higher than 20 ℃.High-risk populations include people over the age of 60,farmers,and individuals in close contact with cholera patients.There are 3 prevalent strains of cholera,the severity of the disease differs,and different medications have different levels of therapeutic effectiveness.Conclusion The prevalence of cholera is mostly due to natural factors and social factors.Risk factors for its incidence in the City of Zhangzhou remain.
出处
《中国病原生物学杂志》
CSCD
2010年第12期930-934,共5页
Journal of Pathogen Biology
关键词
霍乱
流行特征
调查分析
漳州市
Cholera
epidemiological
analysis
City of Zhangzhou
