摘要
蝗虫遗传多样性的变化可用以监测其种群的动态变化,进而有利于研究其发生规律和成灾机理,有效预防蝗灾发生和治理蝗害。对海南岛10种易成灾蝗虫10种酶13个位点的遗传多样性比较分析表明:①10种蝗虫的遗传多样性水平均不高(A=1.5～2.0,P=38.5%～61.5%,Ho=0.005～0.070),且表现出一定程度的杂合体缺乏现象。②生存于热带岛屿海南的蝗虫种类,可能因其与岛外蝗虫种群存在很少或几乎不存在基因交流,也可能因其地处热带,丰富的食料、无滞育、无越冬、田间频繁杀虫剂的选择压力等导致其发生了不同程度的遗传分化,致使其进化关系与以往研究结果不相符。③Est、Mdh-1、Me、Pgi和Pgm在10种蝗虫中均具多态性,等位基因数目变化较大,说明其进化速率快,可通过检测其基因型或等位基因频率的变化来监测种群的动态变化,研究其发生规律和成灾机理,亦可监测其抗药性状况,进而为蝗灾防治提供参考,以降低用药量,提高防治效率。
The population genetic diversity can be used as a beneficial means to monitor the dynamic change of grasshopper population,and at the same time,it also can be used to analyze the occurrence mechanism of the insect pest.In this study,the genetic structure of 10 enzymes of 10 grasshopper species in three families（Catantopidae,Oedipodidae,Acrididae） from Hainan were compared.The results showed as follows： Firstly,the genetic variability of the ten species was low due to their mean no.of alleles per locus（A=1.5～2.0）,percentage of loci polymorphic（P=38.5%～61.5%）,mean heterozygosity（Ho=0.005～0.070）.Owing to heterozygote deficiency,all the ten species demonstrated low overall heterozygosity（Ho）,which leads to the genotype frequencies deviated significantly from Hardy-weiberg equilibrium.Secondly,the taxon relationships based on Nei’s genetic identity and Roger’s genetic distance were not consistent with their earlier studies.The results from the present investigation preliminarily suggested that the grasshoppers living in the tropical Hainan Island has developed genetic differentiation in different degree.Such genetic differentiation may result from little or virtually non-existent gene flow between grasshopper populations from Hainan Island and off the Island,or perhaps for rich food,no diapauses,no overwintering,as well as the selective pressure of frequent insecticide uses.Finally,the polymorphic and greatly changed allele numbers of loci Est,Mdh-1,Me,Pgi and Pgm of the ten grasshopper species suggested the faster loci evolution.So,the genotype and/or allele frequency changes of these polymorphic loci can be used as a beneficial tool to monitor the population dynamic change of the harmful grasshoppers and their resistance development to insecticide.Moreover,it can also be used to study the occurrence and the mechanism of these grasshopper pests and to guide their control and management so that the insecticide amount can be lowed and the control efficacy can be improved.
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
2010年第10期1825-1834,共10页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(No.807042)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.200903034)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(No.nyhyzx07-013-5-2)资助
现代农业产业体系(No.nycytx-17-4)
关键词
海南岛
蝗虫
等位酶
遗传多样性
亲缘关系
Hainan
Grasshopper
Allozyme
Genetic variability
Phylogenetie relationships
