摘要
公共政策过程包括目标设定、效果预测、政策制定、政策执行等环节,政策执行是公共政策过程的核心环节。中国和西方国家的制度基础设施不同,治理机制不一,观念和价值取向有别,因此中西方关注焦点和研究重心存在较大差异。由于西方国家的政府官员和民众长期处于规则意识和法治观念的浸润之下,个体对公共政策的人为影响往往被制度性因素所规制和平减,只有利益集团才有影响公共政策决策并进行讨价还价的博弈资本。但是我国在制度基础设施、公共治理机制等方面存在诸多问题与缺失,执行者的态度取向、综合素质、利益需求和行为倾向等都对政策的有效执行产生影响,甚至决定政策执行的成败。权力往往得不到有效制衡和监督,既有的科层制管理模式,导致存在比较严重的政策失灵、寻租设租、滥用权力或腐败乱象。因此,必须优化公共政策的机制设计,强化公共政策的制度化程序、建立公共政策执行风险评估、健全公共政策执行监督机制。
The public policy makings include objective setting,effect prediction,policy formulation and implementation,etc.,and naturally policy implementing is the key link.In the Western countries,the government officials and people have for long a strong awareness of laws and rules,and so very few of them can,individually,exert a negative impact on the public policy making and its implementation.In China,however,there are many problems with the basic system establishment and public governance mechanism,so that the executors＇ elements such as attitude,political disposition,self-interest demand,etc.,influence the effective execution of policies and even become a decisive factor in it.Frequently found out are the problems like lack of supervision of the exercise of power,serious policy failure,rent-seeking/creating,abuse of power or corruption,owing to the existing bureaucratic administrative system.Therefore,to improve the situations we must optimize the mechanism of policy making,strengthen its institutionalization,increase the risk of responsibility for its implementation and perfect the supervising mechanism.
出处
《广东外语外贸大学学报》
2010年第6期73-77,共5页
Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
基金
广东省十一五社科规划项目<珠江三角洲地区一体化中地方政府合作机制创新研究>(2009年)支持
广东省教育厅重点课题<中国软实力体系与东亚合作研究>(粤教思[2006]59号)项目支持
