1Steegers MA,Robertson EN. Pain on injection of rocuronium bromide. Anesth Analg, 1996,83 : 193-205. 被引量：1
2Lockey D,Coleman P. Pain on injection of rocuronium bromide. Anaesthesia, 1995,50:474. 被引量：1
3Blunk JA,Seifeit F,Schmelz M,et al. Injection pain of rocuronium and vecuronium is evoked by direct activation of nociceptive nerver endings. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2003,20: 245-253. 被引量：1
4Memis D,Turan A,Karamanlioglu B,et al. The prevention of pain from injection of rocuronium by ondansetron,lidocaine,tramadol, and fentanyl. Anesth Analg, 2002,94:1517-1520. 被引量：1
5Deegan R. Ondansetron: pharmacology of a specific 5-HT3-receptor antagonist. Am J Med Sci, 1992,304 : 373-378. 被引量：1
6Ye JH,Mui WC,Ren J,et al. Ondansetron exhibits the properties of a local anesthetic. Anesth Analg, 1997,85 : 1116-1121. 被引量：1
7Mencke T,Beerhaher U,Fuchs-Buder T. Spontaneous monements,local reactions and pecin on injection of rocuronium: a comparison between female and male patients. Acta Ananesthesiol Scand, 2001,45 : 1002-1005. 被引量：1
1Sellden E, Lindahl SG. Postoperative nitrogen excretion after amino acid-induced thermogenesis under anesthesia. Anesth Aualg, 1998,87:641-660 被引量：1
2Feldberg W, Myers RD. A new concept of temperature regulation amines in the hypothalanus(letter). Nature , 1963,200:1325 被引量：1
3Jansiski DR, Preston Kl. A comparative assay of nefopam, morphine and d-amphetamine. Psychopharmacology , 1987,91: 273-278 被引量：1
4Lehmann KA, Horrichs G, Hoeckle W. Tramadol as an intraoperative analgesic: A Randomized double blind study with placebo. Anaethesist, 1985;34:11-19 被引量：1
5Clark WG, Lipton JM. Brain and pituitary peptides in thermoregulation, Thermoregulation: Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy. New York, Pergamon Press, 1991, pp509-60 被引量：1
6Lyons B, Carroll M, McDonald NJ. Tbe treatment of postanaesthetic shivering: A double blind comparison between alfentanil and pethidine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand,1995,39:979-82 被引量：1
7Kurz A, Ikeda T, Sessler DI. Meperidine decreses the shivering threshold twice as much as the vasoconstriction threshold. Anesthesiology, 1997,86:1046-54 被引量：1
8Myers RD, Lee TF. Neurochemical aspects of thermoregulation, Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology. Edited by Wang LCH..Berlin, Springer Verlag, 1989, pp161-203 被引量：1
9Taylor DCM, Gayton RJ. The effects of NMDA and non-NMDA receptor agonists and antagonists on hypothalamic neurones in the anaesthetized rat which respond to changes in scrotal skin temperature.Neurosci Lett, 1995,201: 259-261 被引量：1
10Kornhuber J, Parsons CG. Orphenadrine is an uncomperative NMDA receptor antagonist: Binding and patch clamp studier. J Neural Transm Cen Sect, 1995,102: 237-246 被引量：1
3Marik PE.Propofol:therapeutic indications and side-effects.Curr Pharm Des,2004,10:3639-3649. 被引量：1
4Leena J,Vicki K,Elizabeth G,et al.Prevention of pain oninjection of propofol:systematic review and meta-analysisBMJ,2011,342:1110. 被引量：1
5Majedi H,Rabiee M,Khan ZH,et al.A comparison of meto-clopramide and lidocaine for preventing pain on injection of di-azepam.Anesth Analg,2002,95(5):1297-1299. 被引量：1
6Mangar D,Holak EJ.Tourniquet an 50mm Hg followed byintravenous lidocaine diminishes hand pain associated withpropofol injection.Anesth Analg,1992,74:250-252. 被引量：1
7Davies AF,Vaddodaria R,Hopwood R,et al.Efficacy of mi-crofiltration in decreasing propofo-linduced pain.Anaesthesia,2002,57(6):557-561. 被引量：1
8Memis D,Turan A,Karamanlioglu B,et al.The preventionof pain from injection of rocuronium by ondansetron,lido-caine,tramadol,and fentanyl.Anesth Analg,2002,94:1517-1520. 被引量：1
9Ye JH,Mui WC,Ren J,et al.Ondansetron exhibits theproperties of a local anesthetic.Anesth Analg,1997,85:1116-1121. 被引量：1
