摘要
目的 调查渔民发生眼部灼伤的船舱中硫化氢（H2S）的污染情况.方法 共监测56艘渔船舱内H2S浓度,56名渔民接受眼部检查.其中,对21艘既发生渔民眼灼伤又符合监测条件的渔船进行舱内空气采样,以确定H2S灼伤眼部及全身中毒的末期浓度;并对舱内H2S浓度、舱内作业时间与眼灼伤程度之间关系进行分析;将30艘未卸鱼货渔船分为2组,分别应用鼓风、喷洒法和自然敞开法消散H2S,以确定消散H2S的有效方法.选定只有眼部球结膜轻度充血或轻微咳嗽的渔民所在5艘渔船进行单次监测,确定H2S灼伤眼、呼吸道黏膜的阈浓度.结果 56名接受眼部检查的渔民中,有46例（92只眼）发生眼灼伤,其中中度灼伤10例（20只眼）、轻度36例（72只眼）,来自21艘船.21艘引起渔民眼灼伤渔船舱内H2S浓度为（99±38）mg/m3.30艘未卸货渔船舱内首次监测H2S浓度为（219±31）mg/m3;鼓喷组H2S浓度为（213±24）mg/m3,自然敞开组H2S浓度为（225±36）mg/m3;消散1.0 h后鼓喷组H2S浓度为（21±3）mg/m3,衰减（192±21）mg/m3,衰减率为90%;自然敞开组H2S浓度为（184±36）mg/m3,衰减（41±8）mg/m3,衰减率为18%;两组衰减浓度比较差异有统计学意义（t=25.627,P＜0.05）.渔船舱内引起渔民眼灼伤的阈浓度为38 mg/m3.暴露时间120 min,10例眼部中度灼伤渔民所在7艘渔船舱内H2S浓度为（123±9）mg/m3;19例轻度眼灼伤渔民所在7艘渔船舱内H2S浓度为（54±7）mg/m3,两组H2S浓度比较,差异有统计学意义（t=14.236,P＜0.05）.结论 船舱内H2S浓度高,暴露时间长,可加重渔民眼部灼伤.短时间消散船舱内H2S有效方法为舱底鼓风、舱内喷洒雨雾.
Objective To investigate the H2S pollution in cabins which caused the fishermen＇s eye burns. Methods Fifty-six fishing boats＇ H2S concentration was surveyed and 56 fishermen＇s eyes were inspected. The air samples were collected from 21 fishing boats＇ cabins,where the eye burns took place and the monitoring conditions met the inspection requirement, in order to confirm the concentration of H2S when eye burns and the systemic poisoning happened. Thirty fishing boats were divided into two groups： one was using air ventilating and spraying, the other was using naturally ventilation to find out the effective method of dispersing H2S. Five fishing boats were surveyed in which the fishermen had slight symptom of bulbar conjunctiva hyperemia and cough to find out the minimum concentration of H2S which caused the eye burns and respiratory mucosa. Results Among 56 fishermen who were surveyed,46 fishermen＇s eyes （92 eyes）burnt and they were from 21 vessels,10 of them （20 eyes） were moderate,36 of them （72 eyes） were light. The concentration of H2S in the 21 fishing boats＇ cabins which caused eye burns was （99 ± 38）mg/m3.The first measuring of the concentration of H2S in the 30 fishing boats in which fish were not discharged yet was（219 ± 31）mg/m3. Air ventilating and spraying group＇s concentration of H2S was （213 ± 24）mg/m3,while that of naturally ventilation group＇s was（225 ± 36）mg/m3. Dispersing after 1 hour,the concentration of H2S of air ventilating and spraying group was（21 ± 3） mg/m3 ,the decreased concentration was（192 ± 21）mg/m3 ,fell 90%; the concentration of naturally ventilation group was （184 ± 36） mg/m3,the decreased concentration was（41 ± 8）mg/m3 ,fell 18%. The difference between the two groups＇ decreased concentration was significant （t = 25. 627 ,P 〈 0. 05）. The threshold value of H2S concentration that could cause the eye burns was 38 mg/m3 （exposure time 120 min）. In 7 vessels,the concentration of H2S in the cabins was （123
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第12期1128-1130,共3页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
渔业
船舶
硫化氢
眼
中毒
Fisheries
Ships
Hydrogen sulfide
Eye
Poisoning
