摘要
目的全面了解长沙市职业危害基本情况和职业卫生管理现状、分析职业危害企业分布特点和职业人群接触特征,明确职业病防治工作目标和重点,提出职业病危害防制管理策略。方法应用长沙市2008年职业病危害工业企业调查建档资料,编制EpiData2.1b数据库,将所需信息导出到SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果统计至2008年底,共调查全市职业病危害的工业企业1 774家,职工总数210 332人,接触职业危害67 231人,接触人次95 062人次;接触粉尘38 619人次(40.62%),接触化学物质24 145人次(25.40%),接触物理因素类32 298人次(33.97%);企业行业分布居前5位是机械、轻工、建材、化工、煤炭行业;县级企业占全市企业总数80.77%;私营企业占全市企业总数67.53%;县域企业46 597人(69.30%),私营企业29 583人(44.00%)。结论职业病危害企业的数量、危害的种类、危害接触人数等均呈增加趋势;企业监测覆盖率、各类危害因素监测率和检测样本合格率、健康监护率等都处于国内较低水平;县域和私营企业是长沙市职业病防治工作重点。
Objective To comprehensively understand the basic condition of occupational hazards and the present situation of occupational health management in Changsha,to analyze the distribution characteristics of occupational hazards in enterprises and the contact characteristics of professional crowd,to define the objectives and priorities of occupational-disease-prevention work,and to propose the prevention and management strategy of occupational hazards.Methods The data of occupational-disease-inductive industrial enterprises in 2008 were collected to edit an EpiData2.1b database,and then the relevant information was statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.Results A total of 1,774 occupational-disease-inductive industrial enterprises were investigated by the end of 2008,including 210,332 staff members.Among them,67,231 workers contacted occupational hazards,and the exposed person-times were 95,062.The dust-exposed person-times were 38,619(40.62%),the chemical material-exposed person-times were 24,145(25.40%),and the physical factors-exposed person-times were 32,298(33.97%).Machinery ranked the first place in industrial enterprise distribution,followed by light industry,building material,chemical industry,and coal industry.The county-level enterprises accounted for 80.77% of the total enterprises in the city.The private enterprises accounted for 67.53% of the total enterprises in the city.The county-level enterprises employed 46,597(69.30%) staff members,and the private enterprises employed 29,583(44.00%) ones.Conclusions The amount of occupational-disease-inductive enterprises,the types of hazards,and the number of workers exposed to hazards showed an increasing trend.The coverage rate of monitoring enterprise,the monitoring rate of hazard factors,the qualified rate of sample testing,and the monitoring rate of health care were in low-level among the whole nation.The county-level enterprises and private enterprises are the key points that the professionals conduct occupational-diseases prevent
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2010年第10期1954-1957,共4页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
工业企业
职业病危害
现状分析
管理对策
Industrial enterprise
Occupational hazards
Cross-sectional study
Management countermeasures