摘要
国内学界普遍认为,英国的现代化是一种"内源"、"先发"型现代化,然而,实证地考察英国现代化相对完整的历史可知,这一判断缺乏事实依据。在通常所谓"工业革命"之前,英国实已有过一场"外源"推动型工业化运动,正是通过大力引进外部先进的生产要素,英国才改变了自身产业长期落后的局面。与流行看法相反,英国在现代化过程中大举采用了非自由主义的发展战略,此即融财富聚敛、贸易保护、工业扶植、国家干预、强权打造于一体的"重商主义"。突破有关现代化问题的非历史观念,将有助于更加准确地把握英国现代化的性质,并从中吸取切实可靠的历史经验。
It is generally believed in China that Britain was the earliest modernizer that industrialized virtually without outside stimuli and without government intervention.But nothing could be further from the truth.A survey into its early modern history shows that,prior to the well-known Industrial Revolution,Britain had experienced a large-scale industrial upgrading based primarily on the introduction of advanced foreign technology and equipment as well as skilled immigrants.In numerous areas,Britain modernized itself by modeling after the Netherlands,the truly first modern economy in world history.It was only through enforcing mercantilism,a sophisticated strategy of trade protection,wealth accumulation,industrial promotion,state intervention and empire expansion all combined,that Britain finally won out in the international competition for hegemony.A proper understanding of the policy measures taken by the British in their modernization process will help to develop relevant policy implications for the latecomers of modernization.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第10期126-136,共11页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"自由贸易理论与实践的历史反思"(项目批准号:09BJL008)的阶段性成果
关键词
英国现代化
内源
先发
商议
British Modernization
Conventional Wisdom
A Refutation
