摘要
为探讨不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤含水率、生育期耗水量、产量及水分生产效率的影响,于2009年3-12月在北京市昌平区南邵镇营坊村昆利果品基地布设了环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流、覆膜沟灌3套高效灌溉施肥技术模式,以常规树盘灌溉作为对照。分别在苹果树萌芽期、花后期、幼果膨大期、成熟期和封冻前灌水施肥,依据不同灌溉方式的灌溉效率以及田间土壤实际含水率等因素确定适宜灌水量。结果表明:1)在3种灌溉方式处理中,环绕滴灌、覆膜沟灌0.00～180.00cm土层土壤含水率较高且相对比较稳定,树盘灌溉的土壤含水率变化幅度大。2)在整个生育期内,环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流、覆膜沟灌处理分别比树盘灌溉减少灌水量58.700%、50.100%和34.400%;果园耗水量较树盘灌溉分别减少33.500%、28.600%和19.600%。3)产量方面,环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流、覆膜沟灌产量分别比树盘灌溉高6.000%、5.300%和2.900%;环绕滴灌产量达到3034.7kg/667m2;其水分利用效率最高且达到9.6kg/m3。总体来看,环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流和覆膜沟灌是较好的节水技术模式方式,值得在果园灌溉中因地制宜的加以选择应用。
In order to explore the effect of soil water content, growth period water consumption, yield and water use efficiency with different irrigation methods, the village of Yingfang countyside was set up 3 sets of surround drip irrigation, small cave storage fertilizer irrigation with small tubes, and film mulching furrow irrigation from 3 to 12 in 2009 in Beijing, and ground under canopy tree irrigation as a contrast. In the bud, the late flowers and inflated maturity young fruit, and pour the water in front of the fertilizer, irrigation methods based on different irrigation efficiency and the actual moisture content factors determine the soil for water pour. The results showed that in 3 ways to deal with the surround drip irrigation, film mulching irrigation moisture content higher and relatively stable and trees of the soil moisture content change rate in 0.00-180.00 cm soil. In all growth period surround drip irrigation and small cave storage fertilizer irrigation with small tubes, furrow irrigation were respectively to reduce water and irrigation 58.700%, 50.100%, and 34.400% than ground under canopy tree irrigation, water consumption, were reduced 33.500 28.600%, 72.73% and 19.600. in yield were surround drip irrigation and small cave storage fertilizer irrigation with small tubes, furrow irrigation were high 6.000%, 5.300%, 2.900%, surround drip irrigation yield was to 3 034.7 kg/667 m2, water use efficiency was the highest 9.6 kg/m^3. in general, drip irrigation, small cave storage techniques is a better mode, the orchard in accordance with the choice of irrigation can be applied.
关键词
苹果
环绕滴灌
小管出流
覆膜沟灌
耗水量
产量
apple
water consumption
production
surround drip irrigation
small cave storage fertilizer irrigation with small tubes
film mulching furrow irrigation
