摘要
随着人类活动对全球环境的影响,环境重金属污染负荷日益增加,重金属元素向南极地区的迁移和富集已成为该地区面临的严重问题之一。地衣是研究重金属元素大气沉降特征的良好材料,但对南极地衣的重金属元素大气沉降富集能力的比较研究甚少。作者以网袋法实验比较采自西南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛的5种南极优势地衣,即:王橙衣Caloplaca regalis、夹心果衣Himantormia lugubris、孔树花Ramalina terebrata、球粉衣Sphaerophorus globosus和簇花石萝Usnea aurantiacoatra对钴(Co)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)和铜(Cu)的富集能力。2个月的网袋法实验结果表明:1)5种地衣对Pb元素均表现出富集能力,其中夹心果衣富集能力最强,簇花石萝和孔树花次之;2)簇花石萝和夹心果衣对Cu元素的富集能力相近,球粉衣对Cu元素的富集能力较低,其他2种未表现出对Cu的富集作用;3)Co和Cr元素的富集仅分别在夹心果衣和簇花石萝中检测出来。因此,在综合检测Co、Cr、Cu和Pb的大气沉降时,可考虑簇花石萝和夹心果衣的组合;在单独检测Co、Pb和Cu的大气沉降时,夹心果衣均为最佳的物种。
The enrichment of heavy metals in Antarctic environments has increasingly evoked public interests. Lichens have been widely used in study of heavy metal atmospheric deposition in many ecosystems. Although a few studies using lichens to monitor atmospheric heavy metal deposition have been conducted in Antarctica, differences in enrichment capability of atmospheric heavy metals were not known among Antarctic lichens. Five lichen species collected from Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, western Antarctica, viz. Caloplaca regalis, Himantormia lugubris, Ramalina terebrata, Sphaerophorus globosus and Usnea aurantiacoatra were used to analyze differences in enrichment capability of Co, Cr, Pb and Cu. After being exposed to air for a period of 2 months at an urban site of Baoding, Hebei Province, heavy metal contents in lichen thallus were measured by atom absorption spectrometry.The results show that all species can enrich atmospheric Pb, in which Himantormia lugubris shows the highest capability, followed by Usnea aurantiacoatra and Ramalina terebrata. Usnea aurantiacoatra and Himantormia lugubris can enrich atmospheric Cu at the similar level, followed by Sphaerophorus globosus, while the other two species show no enrichment of atmospheric Cu during the experiment. The significant enrichment of atmospheric Co and Cr was only observed in Himantormia lugubris and Usnea aurantiacoatra, respectively. Our results indicate that a combination of Usnea aurantiacoatra and Himantormia lugubris is an indicator with great potential for monitoring atmospheric deposition of Co, Cr, Cu and Pb, and Himantormia lugubris is also applicable to the monitoring of atmospheric deposition of Co, Cu and Pb.
出处
《菌物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期719-725,共7页
Mycosystema
基金
中国极地科学战略研究基金项目(No20080205)
中国第二十六次南极现场考察项目
关键词
地衣
重金属元素
大气沉降
网袋法
lichens
heavy metal
atmospheric deposition
bag technique
